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In linear algebra, the transpose of a matrix is an operator which flips a matrix over its diagonal; that is, it switches the row and column indices of the matrix A by producing another matrix, often denoted by A T (among other notations).
The conjugate transpose of a matrix with real entries reduces to the transpose of , as the conjugate of a real number is the number itself. The conjugate transpose can be motivated by noting that complex numbers can be usefully represented by 2 × 2 {\displaystyle 2\times 2} real matrices, obeying matrix addition and multiplication: a + i b ≡ ...
On a computer, one can often avoid explicitly transposing a matrix in memory by simply accessing the same data in a different order. For example, software libraries for linear algebra, such as BLAS, typically provide options to specify that certain matrices are to be interpreted in transposed order to avoid data movement.
It is important to note, that the ordering R of Hadamard matrix’s rows (against the Sylvester-Hadamard matrix) does not depend on the vector . Has been proven[5] that, if X {\displaystyle X} is unit vector (i.e. ∥ X ∥ = 1 {\displaystyle \parallel X\parallel =1} ), then T r s {\displaystyle Trs} matrix (obtained as it was described above ...
In linear algebra, the Cholesky decomposition or Cholesky factorization (pronounced / ʃ ə ˈ l ɛ s k i / shə-LES-kee) is a decomposition of a Hermitian, positive-definite matrix into the product of a lower triangular matrix and its conjugate transpose, which is useful for efficient numerical solutions, e.g., Monte Carlo simulations.
A comparison of the convergence of gradient descent with optimal step size (in green) and conjugate vector (in red) for minimizing a quadratic function associated with a given linear system. Conjugate gradient, assuming exact arithmetic, converges in at most n steps, where n is the size of the matrix of the system (here n = 2).
An circulant matrix takes the form = [] or the transpose of this form (by choice of notation). If each c i {\displaystyle c_{i}} is a p × p {\displaystyle p\times p} square matrix , then the n p × n p {\displaystyle np\times np} matrix C {\displaystyle C} is called a block-circulant matrix .
Householder transformations are widely used in numerical linear algebra, for example, to annihilate the entries below the main diagonal of a matrix, [2] to perform QR decompositions and in the first step of the QR algorithm. They are also widely used for transforming to a Hessenberg form.