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  2. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic_L-amino_acid...

    Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase is active as a homodimer. Before addition of the pyridoxal phosphate cofactor, the apoenzyme exists in an open conformation. Upon cofactor binding, a large structural transformation occurs as the subunits pull closer and close the active site. This conformational change results in the active, closed ...

  3. Catecholamine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catecholamine

    The enzyme dopamine hydroxylase requires copper as a cofactor (not shown in the diagram) and DOPA decarboxylase requires PLP (not shown in the diagram). The rate limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis through the predominant metabolic pathway is the hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA. [citation needed]

  4. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic_L-amino_acid...

    Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency is an autosomal recessive condition, meaning an individual needs to have two faulty copies of the DDC gene in order to be affected. Usually, one copy is inherited from each parent. [3]

  5. Dopamine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine

    L-Tyrosine is converted into L-DOPA by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, with tetrahydrobiopterin, O 2, and iron (Fe 2+) as cofactors. [25] L-DOPA is converted into dopamine by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (also known as DOPA decarboxylase), with pyridoxal phosphate as the cofactor. [25]

  6. Catechol-O-methyltransferase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechol-O-methyltransferase

    Entacapone is a widely used adjunct drug of levodopa therapy. When given with an inhibitor of dopa decarboxylase (carbidopa or benserazide), levodopa is optimally saved. This "triple therapy" is becoming a standard in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Specific reactions catalyzed by COMT include: L-DOPA (levodopa) → 3-O-methyldopa

  7. Tyrosine hydroxylase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine_hydroxylase

    Tyrosine hydroxylase or tyrosine 3-monooxygenase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). [5] [6] It does so using molecular oxygen (O 2), as well as iron (Fe 2+) and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors.

  8. L-DOPA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-DOPA

    l-DOPA is produced from the amino acid l-tyrosine by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. l-DOPA can act as an l-tyrosine mimetic and be incorporated into proteins by mammalian cells in place of l-tyrosine, generating protease-resistant and aggregate-prone proteins in vitro and may contribute to neurotoxicity with chronic l-DOPA administration. [10]

  9. Levodopa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levodopa

    Once levodopa has entered the central nervous system, it is converted into dopamine by the enzyme aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD), also known as DOPA decarboxylase (DDC). Pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B 6) is a required cofactor in this reaction, and may occasionally be administered along with levodopa, usually in the form of pyridoxine.