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Automatic and controlled processes (ACP) are the two categories of cognitive processing.All cognitive processes fall into one or both of those two categories. The amounts of "processing power", attention, and effort a process requires is the primary factor used to determine whether it's a controlled or an automatic process.
Whether the focus be on social psychology or cognitive psychology, there are many examples of dual process theories produced throughout the past. The following just show a glimpse into the variety that can be found. [citation needed] Peter Wason and Jonathan St B. T. Evans suggested dual process theory in 1974. [4]
Heuristic processing is related to the concept of "satisficing." [8] Heuristic processing is governed by availability, accessibility, and applicability. Availability refers to the knowledge structure, or heuristic, being stored in memory for future use. Accessibility of the heuristic applies to the ability to retrieve the memory for use.
System 2: Slow, effortful, infrequent, logical, calculating, conscious. Examples of things system 2 can do: prepare yourself for the start of a sprint; direct your attention towards the clowns at the circus; direct your attention towards someone at a loud party; look for the woman with the grey hair; try to recognize a sound
Elaboration likelihood model is a general theory of attitude change.According to the theory's developers Richard E. Petty and John T. Cacioppo, they intended to provide a general "framework for organizing, categorizing, and understanding the basic processes underlying the effectiveness of persuasive communications".
Epistemic motivation derives from the broader theory of lay epistemics, which addresses the processes in which individuals form their knowledge in regards to varied topics, such as all possible contents of knowledge, including attitudes, beliefs, causal attributions, impressions, opinions, statistical inferences, and stereotypes.
In psychology, effortfulness is the subjective experience of exertion when performing an activity, especially the mental concentration and energy required. In many applications, effortfulness is simply reported by a patient, client, or experimental subject.
Processing difficulty effect: That information that takes longer to read and is thought about more (processed with more difficulty) is more easily remembered. [175] See also levels-of-processing effect. Recency effect: A form of serial position effect where an item at the end of a list is easier to recall. This can be disrupted by the suffix ...