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Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution is a 1902 collection of anthropological essays by Russian naturalist and anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin.The essays, initially published in the English periodical The Nineteenth Century between 1890 and 1896, [1] explore the role of mutually beneficial cooperation and reciprocity (or "mutual aid") in the animal kingdom and human societies both past and ...
A mutual-aid soup kitchen Conder Street Mission Hall, 1881. The term "mutual aid" was popularized by the anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin in his essay collection Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution, which argued that cooperation, not competition, was the driving mechanism behind evolution, through biological mutualism.
Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin [a] (9 December 1842 [b] – 8 February 1921) was a Russian anarchist and geographer known as a proponent of anarchist communism.. Born into an aristocratic land-owning family, Kropotkin attended Page Corps and later served as an officer in Siberia, where he participated in several geological expeditions.
The Conquest of Bread [a] is an 1892 book by the Russian anarchist Peter Kropotkin. Originally written in French, it first appeared as a series of articles in the anarchist journal Le Révolté . It was first published in Paris with a preface by Élisée Reclus , who also suggested the title.
Mutual Banking: Showing the Radical Deficiency of the Present Circulating Medium and the Advantages of a Free Currency. Kropotkin, Peter (1902). Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution. Lloyd, J. William (1927). Anarchist-Mutualism. Individualist anarchist criticism. Long, Roderick T., ed. (Winter 2006). Journal of Libertarian Studies 20 (1).
Created Date: 8/30/2012 4:52:52 PM
Kropotkin is a biography of the Russian anarchist Peter Kropotkin written by historian Martin A. Miller and first published in 1976 by University of Chicago Press.. In comparison to the earlier Kropotkin biography, The Anarchist Prince, written by George Woodcock and Ivan Avakumović in 1950, Miller's Kropotkin was more comparatively more scholarly and critical, with a fuller bibliography.
Peter Kropotkin posited early in the 20th century that mutual aid affiliations predate human culture and are as much a factor in evolution as is the "survival of the fittest" concept. Oaths, secret signs and knowledge, and regalia were historically an important part of many benefit societies but declined in use in most benefit societies during ...