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The Singapore Medical Association (abbreviated SMA) is a professional association representing the interests of medical professionals in Singapore. It was established on September 15, 1959, replacing the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association. [2] As of 2020, it had over 8,200 members. [3]
Some causes listed include deaths also included in more specific subordinate causes, and some causes are omitted, so the percentages may only sum approximately to 100%. The causes listed are relatively immediate medical causes, but the ultimate cause of death might be described differently.
Symptoms and effects can be mild, moderate or severe, depending on how low the glucose falls and a variety of other factors. It is rare but possible for diabetic hypoglycemia to result in brain damage or death. Indeed, an estimated 2–4% of deaths of people with type 1 diabetes mellitus have been attributed to hypoglycemia. [2] [3]
Deaths in Singapore offset the population increase from live births. In 2007, 17,140 people in Singapore died from various causes. The death rate was 4.5 deaths per 1,000 of the population. [1] There are strict regulations surrounding death and treatment of the body after death.
[1] [3] The goal is to consume 10–20 grams of a carbohydrate to raise blood glucose levels to a minimum of 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). [3] [2] If a person is not able to take food by mouth, glucagon by injection or insufflation may help. [1] [3] [9] The treatment of hypoglycemia unrelated to diabetes includes treating the underlying problem. [3] [2]
One of the effects of a sugar-rich vs a starch-rich meal is highlighted. [ 1 ] Impaired fasting glucose is a type of prediabetes , in which a person's blood sugar levels during fasting are consistently above the normal range , but below the diagnostic cut-off for a formal diagnosis of diabetes mellitus . [ 2 ]
Chronic hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) injures the heart in patients without a history of heart disease or diabetes and is strongly associated with heart attacks and death in subjects with no coronary heart disease or history of heart failure. [22] Also, a life-threatening consequence of hyperglycemia can be nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome. [16]
Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (usually type 2) in which an extremely high blood sugar level and dehydration alone are sufficient to cause unconsciousness. In most medical contexts, the term diabetic coma refers to the diagnostical dilemma posed when a physician is confronted with an unconscious patient about whom nothing is known except that ...