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Romanesque architecture [1] is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries. [2] The style eventually developed into the Gothic style with the shape of the arches providing a simple distinction: the Romanesque is characterized by semicircular arches, while the Gothic is marked by the pointed arches.
It passed into the church architecture of the Roman world and was adapted in different ways as a feature of cathedral architecture. [ 11 ] The earliest large churches, such as the cathedral of St John Lateran in Rome, consisted of a single-ended basilica with one apsidal end and a courtyard, or atrium , at the other end.
The architecture of Northern Italy has features in common with French and German Romanesque. [2] The architecture of Southern Italy and Sicily was influenced by both Norman and Islamic architecture. [2] Building stone was available in mountainous regions, while brick was employed for most building in river valleys and plains.
They had simple interiors and examples include Modena Cathedral and Verona Cathedral. [2] AD 832–1094 – St Mark's Basilica in Venice is built; it is a blend of Classical, Byzantine, Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles. [2] c. mid-11th century – Orvieto Cathedral is built, with its beautiful and intricate Gothic patterns and frescos ...
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterised by semi-circular arches. The term "Romanesque" is usually used for the period from the 10th to the 12th century with " Pre-Romanesque " and " First Romanesque " being applied to earlier buildings with Romanesque characteristics.
The nave of Durham Cathedral in England Interior of Monreale Cathedral in Sicily, Italy St Swithun's, Nately Scures in Hampshire, from the southwest. The term Norman architecture is used to categorise styles of Romanesque architecture developed by the Normans in the various lands under their dominion or influence in the 11th and 12th centuries.
Lisbon Cathedral, Portugal, 1147–1500, 1755-20th century- The fortress-like quality, cavernous single doorway, pointed battlements and highly functional appearance of this cathedral is typical of the Romanesque architecture that prevailed, despite acknowledgement to the Gothic style.
Romanesque architecture truly arrives with the influence of Cluny through the Way of Saint James pilgrimage route that ends in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. The model of the Spanish Romanesque in the 12th century was the Cathedral of Jaca , with its characteristic apse structure and plan, and its "chess" decoration in strips called ...