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Sumo (Japanese: 相撲, Hepburn: sumō, Japanese pronunciation:, lit. ' striking one another ') [1] is a form of competitive full-contact wrestling where a rikishi (wrestler) attempts to force his opponent out of a circular ring or into touching the ground with any body part other than the soles of his feet (usually by throwing, shoving or pushing him down).
Kimarite (Japanese: 決まり手) is the technique used in sumo by a rikishi (wrestler) to win a match. It is officially decided or announced by the gyōji (referee) at the end of the match, though judges can modify this decision.
A sumo gyōji, the 33rd Kimura Shōnosuke [], in full traditional dress. A gyōji (行司, lit. ' administering things ') is a referee employed by the Japan Sumo Association, responsible for a variety of activities which concern the organisation of the sport in general and the refereeing of matches, as well as the preservation of professional sumo culture, deeply rooted in Shinto traditions.
The first national championship for amateur women's sumo was held in 1997. The rules are identical to men's amateur sumo, with the exception that the wrestlers wear leotards under a mawashi, and the matches last a maximum of three minutes instead of five minutes like the ones in men's amateur sumo. [10]
Modern sumo wrestler Tochiazuma with an ōichō-style chonmage. In modern Japan, the only remaining wearers of the chonmage are sumo wrestlers and kabuki actors. [6] Given the uniqueness of the style in modern times, the Japan Sumo Association employs specialist hairdressers called tokoyama to cut and prepare sumo wrestlers' hair.
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The tradition of ring names in sumo dates back to the Edo period, where they were used as a means to attract customers and hide the identities of the rikishi. [1] Like standard Japanese names, a shikona consists of a surname and a personal, or given name, [1] and the full name is written surname first. However, the personal name is rarely used ...
Capitalization of sumo terms, including rank, division, and job titles should be avoided, as in komusubi, makuuchi, and sumo, except where the context calls for title case or where it is used as a personal title, as in "Yokozuna Asashōryū". Proper nouns, such as the names of people or organizations, should be capitalized.