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Black-box testing is the software analog to FTC. At the end of the system development, a functional test verifies that the requirements of the system are met. Component Test Cases (CTC) are a physical analog to White-box testing. CTC verify that components satisfy the allocated FRs and ICs.
While in-circuit test is a very powerful tool for testing PCBs, it has these limitations: Parallel components can often only be tested as one component if the components are of the same type (i.e. two resistors); though different components in parallel may be testable using a sequence of different tests - e.g. a DC voltage measurement versus a measurement of AC injection current at a node.
In assembly the bare board is populated (or "stuffed") with electronic components to form a functional printed circuit assembly (PCA), sometimes called a "printed circuit board assembly" (PCBA). [ 26 ] [ 27 ] In through-hole technology , the component leads are inserted in holes surrounded by conductive pads ; the holes keep the components in ...
In semiconductor testing, the device under test is a die on a wafer or the resulting packaged part. A connection system is used, connecting the part to automatic or manual test equipment. The test equipment then applies power to the part, supplies stimulus signals, then measures and evaluates the resulting outputs from the device.
A component selected for testing is a Unit Under Test (UUT). Operational Safety, Suitability, and Effectiveness (OSS&E) policy and instructions require consistency in the disciplined engineering process used to ensure that activities such as maintenance repairs and part substitutions do not degrade system or end-item baselined characteristics ...
Conformance testing — an element of conformity assessment, and also known as compliance testing, or type testing — is testing or other activities that determine whether a process, product, or service complies with the requirements of a specification, technical standard, contract, or regulation.
Often, integration testing is conducted to evaluate the compliance of a component with functional requirements. [ 1 ] In a structured development process, integration testing takes as its input modules that have been unit tested, groups them in larger aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test plan , and delivers as output test ...
System integration testing (SIT) involves the overall testing of a complete system of many subsystem components or elements. The system under test may be composed of electromechanical or computer hardware, or software , or hardware with embedded software , or hardware/software with human-in-the-loop testing.