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The Han dynasty [a] was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and a warring interregnum known as the Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC), and it was succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD).
The Han dynasty ruled in an era of Chinese cultural consolidation, political experimentation, relative economic prosperity and maturity, and great technological advances. There was unprecedented territorial expansion and exploration initiated by struggles with non-Chinese peoples, especially the nomadic Xiongnu of the Eurasian Steppe.
At the beginning of the Han dynasty, Emperor Gao had made many of his relatives princes of certain sections, about one-third to one-half of the empire. This was an attempt to consolidate Liu family rule over the parts of China that were not ruled directly from the capital under the junxian (郡縣) commandery system.
A Western Han painted ceramic jar with raised reliefs of dragons, phoenixes, and taotie designs Provinces and commanderies at the end of the Eastern Han dynasty in 219 CE. The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) was the second imperial dynasty of China, following the Qin dynasty (221–207 BC).
The rule of avoidance employed during the Han dynasty, and persisted through various subsequent dynasties and continues to influence the appointment of local government leaders in the People’s Republic of China and the Chinese Communist Party, prohibited local officials from serving in their places of origin, so that family and friends would not influence them and prevent the potential ...
While the Qin rejected the dynastic cycle model, some Han-period historians like Ban Gu re-embraced the dynastic model with works like the Book of Han, which were regarded as adhering to the correct historical framework established by Confucius, in contrast to Sima Qian's Shiji. The Book of Han would set the model for following dynastic ...
The Rebellion of the Seven States or Revolt of the Seven Kingdoms (simplified Chinese: 七国之乱; traditional Chinese: 七國之亂; pinyin: Qī Guózhī Luàn) took place in 154 BC against the rule of Emperor Jing of Han dynasty by its regional semi-autonomous kings, to resist the emperor's attempt to centralize the government further. [1]
By 184 CE, the Han Dynasty's central government was weakened by court eunuchs abusing their power over the emperor to enrich themselves. Twelve of the most powerful eunuchs were referred to as the Ten Attendants with Emperor Ling once claiming that "Regular Attendant Zhang Rang is my father and Regular Attendant Zhao Zhong is my mother". [6]