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Pulse-width modulation (PWM), also known as pulse-duration modulation (PDM) or pulse-length modulation (PLM), [1] is any method of representing a signal as a rectangular wave with a varying duty cycle (and for some methods also a varying period). PWM is useful for controlling the average power or amplitude delivered by an
In 2006, Atmel released microcontrollers based on the 32-bit AVR32 architecture. This was a completely different architecture unrelated to the 8-bit AVR, intended to compete with the ARM-based processors. It had a 32-bit data path, SIMD and DSP instructions, along with other audio- and video-processing features. The instruction set was similar ...
The word "uno" means "one" in Italian and was chosen to mark a major redesign of the Arduino hardware and software. [7] The Uno board was the successor of the Duemilanove release and was the 9th version in a series of USB-based Arduino boards. [8] Version 1.0 of the Arduino IDE for the Arduino Uno board has now evolved to newer releases. [4]
Arduino (/ ɑː r ˈ d w iː n oʊ /) is an Italian open-source hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices.
Pulse-density modulation, or PDM, is a form of modulation used to represent an analog signal with a binary signal.In a PDM signal, specific amplitude values are not encoded into codewords of pulses of different weight as they would be in pulse-code modulation (PCM); rather, the relative density of the pulses corresponds to the analog signal's amplitude.
Fig. 1: Principle of an asynchronous delta pulse-width modulation (PWM). The output signal (blue) is compared with the limits (green). The limits (green) correspond to the reference signal (red), offset by a given value. Every time the output signal reaches one of the limits, the PWM signal (purple) changes state.
PWM rectifier (Pulse-width modulation rectifier) is an AC to DC power converter, that is implemented using forced commutated power electronic semiconductor switches. Conventional PWM converters are used for wind turbines that have a permanent-magnet alternator.
Pulse-position modulation (PPM) is a form of signal modulation in which M message bits are encoded by transmitting a single pulse in one of possible required time shifts. [1] [2] This is repeated every T seconds, such that the transmitted bit rate is / bits per second.