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Temperature distribution in a thermal bridge This thermal image shows a thermal bridging of a high-rise building (Aqua in Chicago). A thermal bridge, also called a cold bridge, heat bridge, or thermal bypass, is an area or component of an object which has higher thermal conductivity than the surrounding materials, [1] creating a path of least resistance for heat transfer. [2]
An unlouvered wall register, which allows circulation of air from one floor to another. Registers vary in size with the heating and cooling requirements of the room. [5] If a register is too small, the HVAC system will need to push air through the ducts at a faster rate in order to achieve the desired heating or cooling.
Thermal fuses are usually found in heat-producing electrical appliances such as coffeemakers and hair dryers. They function as safety devices to disconnect the current to the heating element in case of a malfunction (such as a defective thermostat) that would otherwise allow the temperature to rise to dangerous levels, possibly starting a fire.
The heat energy is emitted from a warm element, such as a floor, wall or overhead panel, and warms people and other objects in rooms rather than directly heating the air. The internal air temperature for radiant heated buildings may be lower than for a conventionally heated building to achieve the same level of body comfort, when adjusted so ...
A thermocouple (the right most tube) inside the burner assembly of a water heater Thermocouple connection in gas appliances. The end ball (contact) on the left is insulated from the fitting by an insulating washer. The thermocouple line consists of copper wire, insulator and outer metal (usually copper) sheath which is also used as ground. [33]
Electrical heaters are often used as backup or supplemental heat for heat pump systems. The heat pump gained popularity in the 1950s in Japan and the United States. [14] Heat pumps can extract heat from various sources, such as environmental air, exhaust air from a building, or from the ground. Heat pumps transfer heat from outside the ...
A temperature sensor, such as a thermometer, thermocouple, or resistance temperature detector, is inserted in the open end of the tube, which is usually in the open air outside the piping or vessel and any thermal insulation. Thermodynamically, the process fluid transfers heat to the thermowell wall, which in turn transfers heat to the sensor ...
At the atomic scale, a temperature gradient causes charge carriers in the material to diffuse from the hot side to the cold side. This is due to charge carrier particles having higher mean velocities (and thus kinetic energy) at higher temperatures, leading them to migrate on average towards the colder side, in the process carrying heat across the material.