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2. Modular arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_arithmetic

   Adding 4 hours to 9 o'clock gives 1 o'clock, since 13 is congruent to 1 modulo 12. In mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers "wrap around" when reaching a certain value, called the modulus. The modern approach to modular arithmetic was developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his book Disquisitiones ...

3. Covering system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covering_system

   Hough and Nielsen (2019) [1] proved that any distinct covering system has a modulus that is divisible by either 2 or 3. A covering system is called irredundant (or minimal) if all the residue classes are required to cover the integers. The first two examples are disjoint. The third example is distinct. A system (i.e., an unordered multi-set)

4. Cube (algebra) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube_(algebra)

   Cube (algebra) y = x3 for values of 1 ≤ x ≤ 25. In arithmetic and algebra, the cube of a number n is its third power, that is, the result of multiplying three instances of n together. The cube of a number or any other mathematical expression is denoted by a superscript 3, for example 23 = 8 or (x + 1)3. The cube is also the number ...

5. Perfect number - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_number

   For instance, 6 has proper divisors 1, 2 and 3, and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, so 6 is a perfect number. The next perfect number is 28, since 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28. The first four perfect numbers are 6, 28, 496 and 8128. [1] The sum of proper divisors of a number is called its aliquot sum, so a perfect number is one that is equal to its aliquot sum.

6. Class (set theory) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_(set_theory)

   Class (set theory) In set theory and its applications throughout mathematics, a class is a collection of sets (or sometimes other mathematical objects) that can be unambiguously defined by a property that all its members share. Classes act as a way to have set-like collections while differing from sets so as to avoid paradoxes, especially ...

7. 2-6-6-4 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-6-6-4

   The final class of 2-6-6-4s was the Norfolk and Western Railway's A class, built starting in 1936. 43 were built until 1950 but were operated until 1959 to prepare the ending of steam power. The powerful 2-6-6-4s were capable of more than 5,000 drawbar horsepower at 45 mph (72 km/h) and could reach 70 mph (110 km/h), while pulling heavy coal ...

8. 2-6-6-6 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-6-6-6

   2-6-6-6. The 2-6-6-6 (in Whyte notation) is an articulated locomotive type with two leading wheels, two sets of six driving wheels and six trailing wheels. Only two classes of the 2-6-6-6 type were built. One was the "Allegheny" class, built by the Lima Locomotive Works. The name comes from the locomotive's first service with the Chesapeake and ...

9. 4-6-2+2-6-4 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-6-2+2-6-4

   2-6-2+2-6-2. Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, a 4-6-2+2-6-4 is a Garratt or Union Garratt articulated locomotive using a pair of 4-6-2 engine units back to back, with the boiler and cab suspended between them. The 4-6-2 wheel arrangement of each engine unit has four leading wheels, six ...