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  2. Guard cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guard_cell

    Guard cells have cell walls of varying thickness(its inner region, adjacent to the stomatal pore is thicker and highly cutinized [7]) and differently oriented cellulose microfibers, causing them to bend outward when they are turgid, which in turn, causes stomata to open. Stomata close when there is an osmotic loss of water, occurring from the ...

  3. Epidermis (botany) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermis_(botany)

    The stomata complex regulates the exchange of gases and water vapor between the outside air and the interior of the leaf. Typically, the stomata are more numerous over the abaxial (lower) epidermis of the leaf than the (adaxial) upper epidermis. An exception is floating leaves where most or all stomata are on the upper surface.

  4. Stoma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoma

    In botany, a stoma (pl.: stomata, from Greek στόμα, "mouth"), also called a stomate (pl.: stomates), is a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange between the internal air spaces of the leaf and the atmosphere.

  5. Transpiration stream - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpiration_stream

    3- Water moves from the xylem into the mesophyll cells, evaporates from their surfaces and leaves the plant by diffusion through the stomata. In plants, the transpiration stream is the uninterrupted stream of water and solutes which is taken up by the roots and transported via the xylem to the leaves where it evaporates into the air/ apoplast ...

  6. Plant cuticle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_cuticle

    A plant cuticle is a protecting film covering the outermost skin layer of leaves, young shoots and other aerial plant organs (aerial here meaning all plant parts not embedded in soil or other substrate) that have no periderm. The film consists of lipid and hydrocarbon polymers infused with wax, and is synthesized exclusively by the epidermal cells.

  7. Plasmolysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmolysis

    Stomata close to help keep water in the plant so it does not dry out. Wax also keeps water in the plant. The equivalent process in animal cells is called crenation. The liquid content of the cell leaks out due to exosmosis. The cell collapses, and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall (in plants).

  8. Ground tissue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_tissue

    Collenchyma tissue is composed of elongated cells with irregularly thickened walls. They provide structural support, particularly in growing shoots and leaves (as seen, for example, the resilient strands in stalks of celery). Collenchyma cells are usually living, and have only a thick primary cell wall [6] made up of cellulose and pectin. Cell ...

  9. Crassulacean acid metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crassulacean_acid_metabolism

    Since CAM is an adaptation to arid conditions, plants using CAM often display other xerophytic characters, such as thick, reduced leaves with a low surface-area-to-volume ratio; thick cuticle; and stomata sunken into pits. Some shed their leaves during the dry season; others (the succulents [13]) store water in vacuoles. CAM also causes taste ...