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Keras was first independent software, then integrated into the TensorFlow library, and later supporting more. "Keras 3 is a full rewrite of Keras [and can be used] as a low-level cross-framework language to develop custom components such as layers, models, or metrics that can be used in native workflows in JAX, TensorFlow, or PyTorch — with ...
Horovod is a free and open-source software framework for distributed deep learning training using TensorFlow, Keras, PyTorch, and Apache MXNet. Horovod is hosted under the Linux Foundation AI (LF AI). [3] Horovod has the goal of improving the speed, scale, and resource allocation when training a machine learning model. [4]
Libraries such as TensorFlow C++, Caffe or Shogun can be used. [1] JavaScript is widely used for web applications and can notably be executed with web browsers. Libraries for AI include TensorFlow.js, Synaptic and Brain.js. [6] Julia is a language launched in 2012, which intends to combine ease of use and performance.
JAX is a machine learning framework for transforming numerical functions developed by Google with some contributions from Nvidia. [2] [3] [4] It is described as bringing together a modified version of autograd (automatic obtaining of the gradient function through differentiation of a function) and OpenXLA's XLA (Accelerated Linear Algebra).
Keras: François Chollet 2015 MIT license: Yes Linux, macOS, Windows: Python: Python, R: Only if using Theano as backend Can use Theano, Tensorflow or PlaidML as backends Yes No Yes Yes [20] Yes Yes No [21] Yes [22] Yes MATLAB + Deep Learning Toolbox (formally Neural Network Toolbox) MathWorks: 1992 Proprietary: No Linux, macOS, Windows: C, C++ ...
scikit-learn (formerly scikits.learn and also known as sklearn) is a free and open-source machine learning library for the Python programming language. [3] It features various classification, regression and clustering algorithms including support-vector machines, random forests, gradient boosting, k-means and DBSCAN, and is designed to interoperate with the Python numerical and scientific ...
Deeplearning4j relies on the widely used programming language Java, though it is compatible with Clojure and includes a Scala application programming interface (API). It is powered by its own open-source numerical computing library, ND4J, and works with both central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs).
In both eager and graph executions, TensorFlow provides an API for distributing computation across multiple devices with various distribution strategies. [36] This distributed computing can often speed up the execution of training and evaluating of TensorFlow models and is a common practice in the field of AI. [36] [37]