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Tacrolimus, sold under the brand name Prograf among others, is an immunosuppressive drug. After allogenic organ transplant, the risk of organ rejection is moderate. To lower the risk of organ rejection, tacrolimus is given. The drug can also be sold as a topical medication in the treatment of T cell-mediated diseases such as eczema and psoriasis.
Tacrolimus (trade names Prograf, Astagraf XL, Envarsus XR) is a product of the bacterium Streptomyces tsukubensis. It is a macrolide lactone and acts by inhibiting calcineurin . The drug is used primarily in liver and kidney transplantations, although in some clinics it is used in heart, lung, and heart/lung transplantations.
It is used in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low estrogen levels, hormone therapy for transgender people, and in hormonal birth control. [5] [4] [13] [14] It is also used in the treatment of prostate cancer. [13] The medication is taken by mouth or by injection into muscle or fat once every 1 to 4 weeks. [13] [14]
Normal circulating levels of pregnenolone are as follows: [17] Men: 10 to 200 ng/dL; Women: 10 to 230 ng/dL; Children: 10 to 48 ng/dL; Adolescent boys: 10 to 50 ng/dL; Adolescent girls: 15 to 84 ng/dL; Mean levels of pregnenolone have been found not to significantly differ in postmenopausal women and elderly men (40 and 39 ng/dL, respectively ...
5α-Reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), also known as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) blockers, are a class of medications with antiandrogenic effects which are used primarily in the treatment of enlarged prostate and scalp hair loss. They are also sometimes used to treat excess hair growth in women and as a component of hormone therapy for transgender ...
The reduction in testosterone levels that occurs during GnRH antagonist therapy subsequently reduces the size of the prostate cancer. This in turn results in a reduction in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in the patient's blood and so measuring PSA levels is a way to monitor how patients with prostate cancer are responding to treatment ...
Raloxifene is used for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and breast cancer prevention in high-risk postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. [5] Preclinical and clinical reports suggest that it is considerably less potent than estrogen for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Progesterone (P4), sold under the brand name Prometrium among others, is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. [20] It is a progestogen and is used in combination with estrogens mainly in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low sex hormone levels in women.