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Choline bitartrate is a choline salt of tartaric acid. Choline bitartrate contains quaternary ammonium cations ((2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium [(CH 3) 3 NCH 2 CH 2 OH] +) and bitartrate anions (HOOC−CH(OH)−CH(OH)−COO −). Quaternary ammonium cation is a cation in which all four hydrogen atoms of ammonium are replaced with organyl ...
Choline bitartrate – Choline bitartrate is a tartaric acid salt containing choline (41% choline by molecular weight). One meta-analysis found choline bitartrate to be ineffective at improving any measure of cognitive performance. [36] Citicoline – Compound consisting of choline and cytidine. A meta-analysis found that it may be effective ...
In general, the word "choline" describes the various quaternary ammonium salts containing the N,N,N-trimethylethanolammonium cation. Found in most animal tissues, choline is a primary component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and functions with inositol as a basic constituent of lecithin. Choline also prevents fat deposits in the liver ...
There are many adverse effects, interactions and contraindications for antinicotinic and antimuscarinic agents. Adverse effects include hypotension, dry mouth, dry eyes etc. They interact with grapefruit juice and various medications, e.g. warfarin, metoclopramide. Therefore, cautions should be exercised and advice from medical professionals ...
Bitartrate is an anion which is the conjugate base of tartaric acid. It may also refer to any salt or monoester of tartaric acid. Some examples of bitartrate salts include: Choline bitartrate; Cysteamine bitartrate; Dihydrocodeine bitartrate; Dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate; Hydrocodone bitartrate; Metaraminol bitartrate; Norepinephrine ...
Choline is a cation with the chemical formula [(CH 3) 3 NCH 2 CH 2 OH] +. [1] [2] [3] Choline forms various salts, such as choline chloride and choline bitartrate.An essential nutrient for animals, it is a structural component of phospholipids and cell membranes.
Neuromuscular-blocking drugs, or Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), block transmission at the neuromuscular junction, [1] causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles. This is accomplished via their action on the post-synaptic acetylcholine (Nm) receptors.
A parasympathomimetic drug, sometimes called a cholinomimetic drug [1] or cholinergic receptor stimulating agent, [2] is a substance that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS). [ 3 ] [ 2 ] These chemicals are also called cholinergic drugs because acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter used by the PSNS.