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Free-energy perturbation (FEP) is a method based on statistical mechanics that is used in computational chemistry for computing free-energy differences from molecular dynamics or Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations. The FEP method was introduced by Robert W. Zwanzig in 1954. [1]
Front-end loading (FEL), also referred to as Front-End Engineering Design (FEED), Front End Planning (FEP), pre-project planning (PPP), and early project planning, is the process for conceptual development of projects in processing industries such as upstream oil and gas, petrochemical, natural gas refining, extractive metallurgy, waste-to-energy, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals.
Fluorinated ethylene propylene was invented by DuPont and is sold under the brandname Teflon FEP. Other brandnames are Neoflon FEP from Daikin or Dyneon FEP from Dyneon/3M. FEP is very similar in composition to the fluoropolymers PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) and PFA (perfluoroalkoxy polymer resin). FEP and PFA both share PTFE's useful ...
Heavy construction equipment is usually used due to the amounts of material to be moved — up to millions of cubic metres. Earthwork construction was revolutionized by the development of the scraper and other earth-moving machines such as the loader, the dump truck, the grader, the bulldozer, the backhoe, and the dragline excavator.
A Allocation of costs is the transfer of costs from one cost item to one or more other cost items. Allowance - a value in an estimate to cover the cost of known but not yet fully defined work. As-sold estimate - the estimate which matches the agreed items and price for the project scope. B Basis of estimate (BOE) - a document which describes the scope basis, pricing basis, methods ...
The construction of MI cable makes it mechanically robust and resistant to impact. [5] Copper sheathing is waterproof and resistant to ultraviolet light and many corrosive elements. MI cable is approved for use in areas with hazardous concentrations of flammable substances, being unlikely to initiate an explosion even during circuit fault ...
BS 4994:1987 – Specification for design and construction of vessels and tanks in reinforced plastics. British Standards. 1987-06-30. ISBN 0-580-15075-5. "Pressure Vessel Design Case Study". ESR Technology. Archived from the original on 2007-05-12. — a case study of the design process of a cylindrical vessel, using the BS 4994 methodology
Construction work started at Mossmorran in 1981. Shell Expro built the Fife Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) plant and the Braefoot Bay Marine Terminal, and Exxon Chemicals built the Fife Ethylene Plant adjacent to, and using feedstock from, the NGL plant, together with the ethylene jetty at Braefoot Bay.