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Prime number: A positive integer with exactly two positive divisors: itself and 1. The primes form an infinite sequence 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, ... Composite number: A positive integer that can be factored into a product of smaller positive integers. Every integer greater than one is either prime or composite.
a highly abundant number has a sum of positive divisors that is greater than any lesser number; that is, σ(n) > σ(m) for every positive integer m < n. Counterintuitively, the first seven highly abundant numbers are not abundant numbers. a prime number has only 1 and itself as divisors; that is, d(n) = 2
An integer is positive if it is greater than zero, and negative if it is less than zero. Zero is defined as neither negative nor positive. The ordering of integers is compatible with the algebraic operations in the following way: If a < b and c < d, then a + c < b + d; If a < b and 0 < c, then ac < bc
In a complex plane, > is identified with the positive real axis, and is usually drawn as a horizontal ray. This ray is used as reference in the polar form of a complex number . The real positive axis corresponds to complex numbers z = | z | e i φ , {\displaystyle z=|z|\mathrm {e} ^{\mathrm {i} \varphi },} with argument φ = 0. {\displaystyle ...
The first ordinal number that is not a natural number is expressed as ω; this is also the ordinal number of the set of natural numbers itself. The least ordinal of cardinality ℵ 0 (that is, the initial ordinal of ℵ 0) is ω but many well-ordered sets with cardinal number ℵ 0 have an ordinal number greater than ω.
The most common way of describing a real number is via its decimal representation, a sequence of decimal digits each representing the product of an integer between zero and nine times a power of ten, extending to finitely many positive powers of ten to the left and infinitely many negative powers of ten to the right.
If the variable has a signed integer type, a program may make the assumption that a variable always contains a positive value. An integer overflow can cause the value to wrap and become negative, which violates the program's assumption and may lead to unexpected behavior (for example, 8-bit integer addition of 127 + 1 results in −128, a two's ...
Let k be a non-negative integer and b be a positive integer greater than . We express n k {\displaystyle n^{k}} in base b : there exist a positive integer m and integers ( c i ) 0 ≤ i < m {\displaystyle (c_{i})_{0\leq i<m}} such that for all i , 0 ≤ c i < b {\displaystyle 0\leq c_{i}<b} and n k = ∑ i < m c i b i {\displaystyle n^{k}=\sum ...