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Zebu oxen in Mumbai, India Ploughing with Oxen by George H. Harvey, Nova Scotia, Canada, 1881 Oxen used for plowing, 2013 Boy on an ox-drawn cart in Niger Ox skull. An ox (pl.: oxen), also known as a bullock (in British, Australian, and Indian English), [1] is a large bovine, trained and used as a draft animal.
Few farmers were wealthy enough to own a full team and thus plowing required cooperation and sharing of draft animals among farmers. Horses in Roman times were owned mostly by the wealthy but they were increasingly used as draft animals to replace oxen after about 1000 AD. Oxen were cheaper to own and maintain, but horses were faster. [50]
Oxen are slow but strong, and have been used in a yoke since ancient times: the earliest surviving vehicle, Puabi's Sumerian sledge, was ox-drawn; an acre was originally defined as the area a span of oxen could plow in a day.
Traditional ploughing: a farmer works the land with horses and plough in the UK Water buffalo used for ploughing in Laos. A plough or plow (both pronounced / p l aʊ /) is a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before sowing seed or planting. [1] Ploughs were traditionally drawn by oxen and horses but modern ploughs are drawn by tractors.
The use of chemical herbicides to prevent the growth of vegetation on fallow land. [14] chemigation. Often used interchangeably with fertigation. The practice of delivering any natural or synthetic chemical compound or mixture of compounds (such as fertilizers, pesticides, soil amendments, etc.) to crop plants via the water supply used for ...
Sheep became increasingly widely used for wool, particularly in the Welsh borders, Lincolnshire and the Pennines. [27] Pigs remained popular on holdings because of their ability to scavenge for food. [3] Oxen remained the primary plough animal, with horses used more widely on farms in the south of England towards the end of the 12th century. [3]
A four-ox-team plough, circa 1330. The ploughman is using a mouldboard plough to cut through the heavy soils. A team could plough about one acre (0.4 ha) per day. The typical planting scheme in a three-field system was that barley, oats, or legumes would be planted in one field in spring, wheat or rye in the second field in the fall and the third field would be left fallow.
A cotton picker at work. The first successful models were introduced in the mid-1940s and each could do the work of 50 hand pickers. Mechanised agriculture or agricultural mechanization is the use of machinery and equipment, ranging from simple and basic hand tools to more sophisticated, motorized equipment and machinery, to perform agricultural operations. [1]