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The brachium of superior colliculus (or superior brachium) is a branch that extends laterally from the superior colliculus, and, passing to the thalamus between the pulvinar and the medial geniculate nuclei, is partly continued into an eminence called the lateral geniculate nucleus, and partly into the optic tract. [citation needed]
The pulvinar also has input from the superior colliculus to inferior, lateral and medial sections, which seems to be important in the initiation and compensation of saccade, [4] [5] as well as the regulation of visual attention [6] [7]
The other major retino–cortical visual pathway is the tectopulvinar pathway, routing primarily through the superior colliculus and thalamic pulvinar nucleus onto posterior parietal cortex and visual area MT.
The pulvinar is located posterior to the thalamus and its role in the orientating system is still being researched; however it is thought to be involved in covert orienting. [2] Finally, the superior colliculus provides information about the location of the stimuli to which attention is directed. [2]
Lateral pulvinar nucleus, together with its inferior and medial nuclei, receives afferent input from superior colliculus. [1] [2] The dorsal part of the lateral pulvinar nucleus also receives afferent input from posterior parietal cortex and the dorsal stream cortical areas. [1] [2]
Many brain structures that are responsive to visual input, including much of the visual cortex and visual nuclei of the brain stem (such as the superior colliculus) and thalamus (such as the lateral geniculate nucleus and the pulvinar), are organized into retinotopic maps, also called visual field maps.
Medial pulvinar nucleus, together with its lateral and inferior nuclei, receives afferent input from superior colliculus. [1] [2]Medial pulvinar nucleus also receives many afferent inputs from different cortical areas, including cingulate, posterior parietal, premotor and prefrontal cortical areas.
Evidence from several studies supports the idea that the pulvinar nuclei and superior colliculus receive descending projections from CT fibers while TC fibers extending from the LGN carry visual information to the various areas of the visual cortex near the calcarine fissure.