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Human occupation of Rwanda is thought to have begun shortly after the last ice age.By the 11th century, [1] the inhabitants had organized into a number of kingdoms. In the 19th century, Mwami Rwabugiri of the Kingdom of Rwanda conducted a decades-long process of military conquest and administrative consolidation that resulted in the kingdom coming to control most of what is now Rwanda.
Rwanda is occupied by Belgian forces. 1922: 20 July: Rwanda-Urundi are joined as a League of Nations mandate, governed by Belgium. [1] 1933: All citizens in Rwanda-Urundi are issued with an identity card defining their ethnicity. 1943: Famine affects the region. 1945: Rwanda-Urundi becomes a United Nations Trust Territory. 1957: The Hutu ...
Ruanda-Urundi (French pronunciation: [ʁwɑ̃da uʁũdi]), [a] was a geopolitical entity, once part of German East Africa, that was occupied by troops from the Belgian Congo during the East African campaign in World War I and was administered by Belgium under military occupation from 1916 to 1922.
Belgian relations with Rwanda started under the League of Nations mandate when the modern-day countries of Rwanda and Burundi were governed as Ruanda-Urundi. As the colonial power, Rwanda's relationship with Belgium has been significant throughout the country's history, even after independence.
Prior to the arrival of colonists, Rwanda had been ruled by a Tutsi-dominated monarchy since the 15th century. In 1897, Germany established a presence in Rwanda with the formation of an alliance with the king, beginning the colonial era. [13] Later, Belgium took control in 1916 during World War I.
Since September 2019, Rwanda has also taken in Libyan refugees and asylum-seekers, operating a refugee center at Gashora, Rwanda, which houses up to 700 refugees from eight African countries (Eritrea, Sudan, South Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon) and is financed by UNHCR until 31 December 2023.
The failure of the international community to effectively respond to the Rwandan genocide of 1994 has been the subject of significant criticism. During a period of around 100 days, between 7 April and 15 July, an estimated 500,000-1,100,000 Rwandans, mostly Tutsi and moderate Hutu, were murdered by Interahamwe militias.
Officially Biafra receives de jure acknowledgement of existence by only a few nations, but has the de facto support of France, Israel, Portugal, and South Africa which provide arms to the state in its war of independence against Nigeria. 1969 January 4 — Spain returns Ifni to Morocco. 1970 January 15 — Biafra is occupied and annexed by Nigeria.