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Artificial life (ALife or A-Life) is a field of study wherein researchers examine systems related to natural life, its processes, and its evolution, through the use of simulations with computer models, robotics, and biochemistry. [1] The discipline was named by Christopher Langton, an American computer scientist, in 1986. [2]
The earliest examples of artificial life involve sophisticated automata constructed using pneumatics, mechanics, and/or hydraulics.The first automata were conceived during the third and second centuries BC and these were demonstrated by the theorems of Hero of Alexandria, which included sophisticated mechanical and hydraulic solutions. [2]
Artificial reproduction is the re-creation of life brought about by means other than natural ones. It is new life built by human plans and projects. Examples include artificial selection , artificial insemination , in vitro fertilization , artificial womb , artificial cloning , and kinematic replication .
Artificial creation is a field of research that studies the primary synthesis of complex lifelike structures from primordial lifeless origins.. The field bears some similarity to artificial life, but unlike artificial life, artificial creation focuses on the primary emergence of complex structures and processes of abiogenesis.
Llull described his machines as mechanical entities that could combine basic truth and facts to produce advanced knowledge. The method would be developed further by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in the 17th century. [15] ~1500 Paracelsus claimed to have created an artificial man out of magnetism, sperm and alchemy. [16] ~1580
“With this DARPA grant, X-Hab 3D will be developing carbon-neutral material formulations for artificial reefs along coastlines,” Sven Bilen, X-Hab 3D’s systems engineering lead, said.
In May 2019, in a milestone effort, researchers reported the creation of a new synthetic (possibly artificial) form of viable life, a variant of the bacteria Escherichia coli, by reducing the natural number of 64 codons in the bacterial genome to 59 codons instead, in order to encode 20 amino acids.
A potential revival of the classic NBC comedy The Facts of Life was effectively sabotaged by a “greedy” co-star who quietly tried to set up her own spinoff, says Mindy Cohn. During a recent ...