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European Consortium for the Certificate of Attainment in Modern Languages. The international ECL examination system provides a standardised test-system customised to the languages of the EU member states and the EU candidate countries.
Scores above B2 are presented as C1-scores on the diploma. The DSD I is presented to the candidate if they reached in all tested sections B1-level or higher of language proficiency in German. Below DSD I, a DSD A2 is presented to the candidate if they reached at least or higher A2-level of language proficiency in German in all tested sections. [11]
An intergovernmental symposium in 1991 titled "Transparency and Coherence in Language Learning in Europe: Objectives, Evaluation, Certification" held by the Swiss Federal Authorities in the Swiss municipality of Rüschlikon found the need for a common European framework for languages to improve the recognition of language qualifications and help teachers co-operate.
The Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang (German for German language examination for university entrance, DSH for short) is a language proficiency test required for entry to a German university and to undertake all classes in the German language.
It is a version of the German test for immigrants A2-B1revised for Austria. Since 1 July 2011, the proof of German language skills at level B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference is required also in Austria for obtaining citizenship.
In the second view, expertise is a characteristic of individuals and is a consequence of the human capacity for extensive adaptation to physical and social environments. Many accounts of the development of expertise emphasize that it comes about through long periods of deliberate practice.
The Wikidata item linked to this page is expertise (Q644238). Use this template only on hard redirects – for soft redirects use {{ Soft redirect with Wikidata item }} . From a related word or phrase : This is a redirect from a word or phrase ( term ) to a page title that is related in some way.
The Zertifikat Deutsch (ZD) is an internationally recognized exam of German language ability. It tests for a level of ability equivalent to level B1 in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) scale. [ 1 ]