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The physiology of underwater diving is the physiological adaptations to diving of air-breathing vertebrates that have returned to the ocean from terrestrial lineages. They are a diverse group that include sea snakes, sea turtles, the marine iguana, saltwater crocodiles, penguins, pinnipeds, cetaceans, sea otters, manatees and dugongs.
[1] [2] Conditions within the deep sea are a combination of low temperatures, darkness, and high pressure. [3] The deep sea is considered the least explored Earth biome as the extreme conditions make the environment difficult to access and explore. [4] Organisms living within the deep sea have a variety of adaptations to survive in these ...
Each lens can form clear images, and is composed of relatively large, highly crystallographically aligned grains to minimize light scattering. [22] An individual chiton may have thousands of such ocelli. [18] These aragonite-based eyes [23] make them capable of true vision, [24] though research continues as to the extent of their visual acuity ...
For the deep-sea ecosystem, the death of a whale is the most important event. A dead whale can bring hundreds of tons of organic matter to the bottom. Whale fall community progresses through three stages: [32] Mobile scavenger stage: Big and mobile deep-sea animals arrive at the site almost immediately after whales fall on the bottom.
The biologist Stephen Jay Gould said the ichthyosaur was his favourite example of convergent evolution. [34] The earliest marine reptiles arose in the Permian . During the Mesozoic many groups of reptiles became adapted to life in the seas, including ichthyosaurs , plesiosaurs , mosasaurs , nothosaurs , placodonts , sea turtles , thalattosaurs ...
In zoology, deep-sea gigantism or abyssal gigantism is the tendency for species of deep-sea dwelling animals to be larger than their shallower-water relatives across a large taxonomic range. Proposed explanations for this type of gigantism include necessary adaptation to colder temperature, food scarcity, reduced predation pressure and ...
It is apparently the top predator along certain stretches of the Mariana Trench, feeding on tiny crustaceans in a deep-water habitat with few larger predators. [4] Pseudoliparis swirei are abundant in their deep-sea habitat and lay relatively large eggs that are almost 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter.
Due to the scarcity of food in the deep sea environment, a majority of siphonophore species function in a sit-and-wait tactic for food. [22] The gelatinous body plan allows for flexibility when catching prey, but the gelatinous adaptations are based on habitat. [23] They swim around waiting for their long tentacles to encounter prey.