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The Benedict–Webb–Rubin equation (BWR), named after Manson Benedict, G. B. Webb, and L. C. Rubin, is an equation of state used in fluid dynamics.Working at the research laboratory of the M. W. Kellogg Company, the three researchers rearranged the Beattie–Bridgeman equation of state and increased the number of experimentally determined constants to eight.
The virial expansion is a model of thermodynamic equations of state.It expresses the pressure P of a gas in local equilibrium as a power series of the density.This equation may be represented in terms of the compressibility factor, Z, as = + + + This equation was first proposed by Kamerlingh Onnes. [1]
The propane dehydrogenation process may be accomplished through different commercial technologies. The main differences between each of them concerns the catalyst employed, design of the reactor and strategies to achieve higher conversion rates. [1] Olefins are useful precursors to myriad products. Steam cracking is the core technology that ...
Ethane: 5.562 0.0638 Ethanethiol: 11.39 0.08098 Ethanol: 12.18 0.08407 Ethyl acetate: 20.72 0.1412 Ethylamine: 10.74 0.08409 Ethylene [2] 4.612 0.0582 Fluorine [2] 1.171 0.0290 Fluorobenzene: 20.19 0.1286 Fluoromethane: 4.692 0.05264 Freon: 10.78 0.0998 Furan [2] 12.74 0.0926 Germanium tetrachloride: 22.90 0.1485 Helium: 0.0346 0.0238 Heptane ...
The gas extracted from underground hydrocarbon deposits contains a varying mix of hydrocarbon components, which usually includes mostly methane (CH 4), along with ethane (C 2 H 6), propane (C 3 H 8) and butane (C 4 H 10). Other gases also occur in natural gas, notably CO 2. These gases have wide-ranging boiling points and also different heating ...
The C2 through C5 hydrocarbons (ethane, propane, butane, and pentane) are known as natural gas liquids (NGLs), and remain in gaseous form until they are extracted at a gas processing plant. [20] The division between the two classes is not perfect: some hexane, and heptane remain in the gas to be separated out as NGLs, while some butane and ...
In physics and thermodynamics, the Redlich–Kwong equation of state is an empirical, algebraic equation that relates temperature, pressure, and volume of gases. It is generally more accurate than the van der Waals equation and the ideal gas equation at temperatures above the critical temperature .
LPG is composed mainly of propane and butane, while natural gas is composed of the lighter methane and ethane. LPG, vaporised and at atmospheric pressure, has a higher calorific value (46 MJ/m 3 equivalent to 12.8 kWh/m 3) than natural gas (methane) (38 MJ/m 3 equivalent to 10.6 kWh/m 3), which means that LPG cannot simply be substituted for ...