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The shoulder abduction relief test, also called Bakody's test, is a medical maneuver used to evaluate for cervical radiculopathy. [1] Specifically, this test is used to evaluate for nerve root compression at C5-C7. It is often used when a patient presents with neck pain that radiates down the ipsilateral upper extremity. [2]
Cervical radiculopathy has an annual incidence rate of 107.3 per 100,000 for men and 63.5 per 100,000 for women, whereas lumbar radiculopathy has a prevalence of approximately 3-5% of the population. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] According to the AHRQ 's 2010 National Statistics for cervical radiculopathy, the most affected age group is between 45 and 64 years ...
The patient rotates their head to the affected side and extends their neck, while the examiners applies downward pressure to the top of the patient's head. A positive Spurling's sign is when the pain arising in the neck radiates in the direction of the corresponding dermatome ipsilaterally. [1] It is a type of cervical compression test.
patient clenches fist over chest when asked to describe pain Lhermitte's sign: Jean Lhermitte: neurology: lesions of cervical cord dorsal columns or caudal medulla, MS, chemotherapy, Behçet's disease: electrical sensation down the back and into limbs with neck flexion or extension Liebermeister's rule: Carl von Liebermeister: internal medicine
Occipito-cervical junction This disorder may result from rheumatoid arthritis, causing the hypermobility of the connection between the neck and head, resulting in paralysis or pain. [ 6 ] Cerebrovascular disease Cerebrovascular disease is a type of cervical spine disorder that can cause tetraplegia .
When the serratus anterior contracts, upward rotation, abduction, and weak elevation of the scapula occurs, allowing the arm to be raised above the head. [4] The long thoracic nerve innervates the serratus anterior; therefore, damage to or impingement of this nerve can result in weakening or paralysis of the muscle. [ 5 ]
Cross-arm test: positive test indicates acromioclavicular joint degeneration/arthritis Adson's sign tests for thoracic outlet syndrome Lhermitte's sign may indicate cervical radiculopathy or spinal cord disease
Radiculopathy (with or without radicular pain), [20] a neurologic condition in which nerve root dysfunction causes objective signs such as weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of reflex. Cauda equina syndrome : [ 22 ] lower extremity pain, weakness, numbness that may involve perineum and buttocks, associated with bladder and bowel dysfunction.