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[3] [2] Hypovolemic shock is a medical emergency; if left untreated, the insufficient blood flow can cause damage to organs, leading to multiple organ failure. [4] In treating hypovolemic shock, it is important to determine the cause of the underlying hypovolemia, which may be the result of bleeding or other fluid losses.
Neurogenic shock results from damage to the spinal cord above the level of the 6th thoracic vertebra. [5] It is found in about half of people who have a spinal cord injury within the first 24 hours, and usually persists for one to three weeks. [5] Neurogenic shock may be caused by severe brain injury. [6]
Septic shock is a result of a systemic response to infection or multiple infectious causes. The precipitating infections that may lead to septic shock if severe enough include but are not limited to appendicitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, diverticulitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, pancreatitis, necrotizing fasciitis, MRSA and mesenteric ischemia.
Shock is both common and has a high risk of death. [3] In the United States about 1.2 million people present to the emergency room each year with shock and their risk of death is between 20 and 50%. [3] The best evidence exists for the treatment of septic shock in adults.
In cardiogenic shock, the problem is in the function of the heart itself. In obstructive shock, the underlying problem is not the pump. Rather, the input into the heart (venous return) is decreased or the pressure against which the heart is pumping is higher than normal. [7] Treating the underlying cause can reverse the shock. [1]
Vasodilatory shock, vasogenic shock, or vasoplegic shock is a medical emergency belonging to shock along with cardiogenic shock, septic shock, allergen-induced shock and hypovolemic shock. When the blood vessels suddenly relax, it results in vasodilation .
Distributive shock is different from the other three categories of shock in that it occurs even though the output of the heart is at or above a normal level. [2] The most common cause is sepsis leading to a type of distributive shock called septic shock, a condition that can be fatal. [1]
For instance, in a solely hypovolemia without formally entering shock state, the body is able to constrict peripheral vessels, accelerate heart rate, and boost myocardial contractility to compensate for the negative impacts out of a certain percentage reduction in total effective arterial blood volume.