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Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).
The geocentric altitude is a type of altitude defined as the difference between the two aforementioned quantities: h ′ = R − R 0; [3] it is not to be confused for the geodetic altitude. Conversions between ECEF and geodetic coordinates (latitude and longitude) are discussed at geographic coordinate conversion .
The Molodensky transformation converts directly between geodetic coordinate systems of different datums without the intermediate step of converting to geocentric coordinates (ECEF). [24] It requires the three shifts between the datum centers and the differences between the reference ellipsoid semi-major axes and flattening parameters.
The definition of geodetic latitude (ϕ) and geocentric latitude (θ) The geocentric latitude is the angle between the equatorial plane and the radius from the centre to a point of interest. When the point is on the surface of the ellipsoid, the relation between the geocentric latitude (θ) and the geodetic latitude (ϕ) is:
Vincenty relied on formulation of this method given by Rainsford, 1955. Legendre showed that an ellipsoidal geodesic can be exactly mapped to a great circle on the auxiliary sphere by mapping the geographic latitude to reduced latitude and setting the azimuth of the great circle equal to that of the geodesic.
A geodetic datum or geodetic system (also: geodetic reference datum, geodetic reference system, or geodetic reference frame, or terrestrial reference frame) is a global datum reference or reference frame for unambiguously representing the position of locations on Earth by means of either geodetic coordinates (and related vertical coordinates) or geocentric coordinates. [1]
TT differs from Geocentric Coordinate Time (TCG) by a constant rate. Formally it is defined by the equation = +, where TT and TCG are linear counts of SI seconds in Terrestrial Time and Geocentric Coordinate Time respectively, is the constant difference in the rates of the two time scales, and is a constant to resolve the epochs (see below).
English: Shows the difference between angles of latitude for a position on an oblate spheroid (such as the Earth) when using the geocentric (angle β) and geodetic (angle α) coordinate systems. The segment, IP, bisects the angle GPF, where points G and F are the foci of the elliptical cross-section of the spheroid, and is therefore normal to ...