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Benzoic acid is cheap and readily available, so the laboratory synthesis of benzoic acid is mainly practiced for its pedagogical value. It is a common undergraduate preparation. Benzoic acid can be purified by recrystallization from water because of its high solubility in hot water and poor solubility in cold water. The avoidance of organic ...
The archetypal reaction is the alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl benzoate (R=R'=H) in a water/ethanol mixture at 30 °C. Measurement of the reaction rate k 0 combined with that of many substituted ethyl benzoates ultimately result in a reaction constant of +2.498. [3] [needs update] [non-primary source needed] Scheme 2. Hydrolysis of benzoic acid esters
Benzoic acid was shown to be genotoxic in vitro. [22] Benzoic acid therefore might have a role in benzotrichloride carcinogenicity, but benzotrichloride has more carcinogenic potential than benzoic acid, suggesting that an intermediate in hydrolysis is responsible for at least part of the carcinogenicity. [1]
Indicative of its high reactivity (relative to alkyl chlorides), benzyl chloride slowly reacts with water in a hydrolysis reaction to form benzyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid. In contact with mucous membranes, hydrolysis produces hydrochloric acid. Thus, benzyl chloride is a lachrymator and has been used in chemical warfare. It is also very ...
Triazolium salts were found to give greater enantiomeric excess than thiazolium salts. [8] An example is shown below. [9] Scheme 2. An intramolecular benzoin addition. Since the products of the reaction are thermodynamically controlled, the retro benzoin addition can be synthetically useful.
A second S N 2 substitution by the benzoate anion gives the desired diester (6). The mechanism of the Prévost reaction. In the final step hydrolysis of the ester groups gives the anti-diol. This outcome is the opposite of that of the related Woodward cis-hydroxylation which gives syn addition.
Ammonium benzoate, a white powder-like substance, is the ammonium salt of benzoic acid. [1] This compound is prepared by the reaction of benzoic acid and ammonia.
Methyl benzoate is formed by the condensation of methanol and benzoic acid, in presence of a strong acid. [1] [2] Methyl benzoate reacts at both the ring and the ester, depending on the substrate. Electrophiles attack the ring, illustrated by acid-catalysed nitration with nitric acid to give methyl 3-nitrobenzoate.