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1/52! chance of a specific shuffle Mathematics: The chances of shuffling a standard 52-card deck in any specific order is around 1.24 × 10 −68 (or exactly 1 ⁄ 52!) [4] Computing: The number 1.4 × 10 −45 is approximately equal to the smallest positive non-zero value that can be represented by a single-precision IEEE floating-point value.
The top left graph is linear in the X- and Y-axes, and the Y-axis ranges from 0 to 10. A base-10 log scale is used for the Y-axis of the bottom left graph, and the Y-axis ranges from 0.1 to 1000. The top right graph uses a log-10 scale for just the X-axis, and the bottom right graph uses a log-10 scale for both the X axis and the Y-axis.
The micrometre (SI symbol: μm) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10 −6 metres ( 1 / 1 000 000 m = 0. 000 001 m). To help compare different orders of magnitude , this section lists some items with lengths between 10 −6 and 10 −5 m (between 1 and 10 micrometers , or μm).
The logarithmic decrement can be obtained e.g. as ln(x 1 /x 3).Logarithmic decrement, , is used to find the damping ratio of an underdamped system in the time domain.. The method of logarithmic decrement becomes less and less precise as the damping ratio increases past about 0.5; it does not apply at all for a damping ratio greater than 1.0 because the system is overdamped.
To compute: (1) find the probabilities given by the model to the true labels. (2) find the negative log of this product. (we actually find the negative of the sum of the logs, for numerical reasons).
For illustration, if events are taken to occur daily, this would correspond to an event expected every 1.4 million years. This gives a simple normality test : if one witnesses a 6 σ in daily data and significantly fewer than 1 million years have passed, then a normal distribution most likely does not provide a good model for the magnitude or ...
An electron's mass is about 0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 910 938 356 kg. [20] In scientific notation, this is written 9.109 383 56 × 10 −31 kg. The Earth's mass is about 5 972 400 000 000 000 000 000 000 kg. [21] In scientific notation, this is written 5.9724 × 10 24 kg. The Earth's circumference is approximately 40 000 000 m. [22]
A repeating decimal or recurring decimal is a decimal representation of a number whose digits are eventually periodic (that is, after some place, the same sequence of digits is repeated forever); if this sequence consists only of zeros (that is if there is only a finite number of nonzero digits), the decimal is said to be terminating, and is not considered as repeating.