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Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via the intermediary nitrite. Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil. The process of complete nitrification may occur through separate organisms [1] or entirely within one organism, as in comammox bacteria.
Anaerobic digestion is a sequence of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. [1] The process is used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste or to produce fuels. Much of the fermentation used industrially to produce food and drink products, as well as home fermentation, uses ...
Nitrifying bacteria are chemolithotrophic organisms that include species of genera such as Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, Nitrobacter, Nitrospina, Nitrospira and Nitrococcus. These bacteria get their energy from the oxidation of inorganic nitrogen compounds. [1] Types include ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB).
Ammonia occurs in nature and has been detected in the interstellar medium. In many countries it is classified as an extremely hazardous substance. [15] Ammonia is produced biologically in a process called nitrogen fixation, but even more is generated industrially by the Haber process. The process helped revolutionize agriculture by providing ...
Denitrifying bacteria are a diverse group of bacteria that encompass many different phyla. This group of bacteria, together with denitrifying fungi and archaea, is capable of performing denitrification as part of the nitrogen cycle. [1] Denitrification is performed by a variety of denitrifying bacteria that are widely distributed in soils and ...
Ammonium sulfate (American English and international scientific usage; ammonium sulphate in British English); (NH 4) 2 SO 4, is an inorganic salt with a number of commercial uses. The most common use is as a soil fertilizer. It contains 21% nitrogen and 24% sulfur.
The dominant industrial method for producing ammonia is the Haber process also known as the Haber-Bosch process. [69] Fertilizer production is now the largest source of human-produced fixed nitrogen in the terrestrial ecosystem. Ammonia is a required precursor to fertilizers, explosives, and other products. The Haber process requires high ...
Nitrosomonas. Nitrosomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, belonging to the Betaproteobacteria. It is one of the five genera of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria [8] and, as an obligate chemolithoautotroph, [9] uses ammonia ( ) as an energy source and carbon dioxide ( ) as a carbon source in presence of oxygen.