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In classical electromagnetism, polarization density (or electric polarization, or simply polarization) is the vector field that expresses the volumetric density of permanent or induced electric dipole moments in a dielectric material. When a dielectric is placed in an external electric field, its molecules gain electric dipole moment and the ...
Polarizability. Polarizability usually refers to the tendency of matter, when subjected to an electric field, to acquire an electric dipole moment in proportion to that applied field. It is a property of particles with an electric charge. When subject to an electric field, the negatively charged electrons and positively charged atomic nuclei ...
The electric dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges within a system: that is, a measure of the system's overall polarity. The SI unit for electric dipole moment is the coulomb - meter (C⋅m). The debye (D) is another unit of measurement used in atomic physics and chemistry.
Hyperpolarizability. The hyperpolarizability, a nonlinear-optical property of a molecule, is the second order electric susceptibility per unit volume. [1] The hyperpolarizability can be calculated using quantum chemical calculations developed in several software packages. [2][3][4] See nonlinear optics.
Nonlinear optics. Structure of KTP crystal, viewed down b axis, used in second harmonic generation. Nonlinear optics (NLO) is the branch of optics that describes the behaviour of light in nonlinear media, that is, media in which the polarization density P responds non-linearly to the electric field E of the light.
Two charges are present with a negative charge in the middle (red shade), and a positive charge at the ends (blue shade). In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.
Electric displacement field. In physics, the electric displacement field (denoted by D) or electric induction is a vector field that appears in Maxwell's equations. It accounts for the electromagnetic effects of polarization and that of an electric field, combining the two in an auxiliary field. It plays a major role in topics such as the ...
Electric susceptibility. In electricity (electromagnetism), the electric susceptibility ( ; Latin: susceptibilis "receptive") is a dimensionless proportionality constant that indicates the degree of polarization of a dielectric material in response to an applied electric field. The greater the electric susceptibility, the greater the ability of ...