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Vesicoureteral reflux ( VUR ), also known as vesicoureteric reflux, is a condition in which urine flows retrograde, or backward, from the bladder into one or both ureters and then to the renal calyx or kidneys. [ 1][ 2] Urine normally travels in one direction (forward, or anterograde) from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters, with a one ...
Complications. Acute kidney injury. Renal colic, also known as ureteric colic, is a type of abdominal pain commonly caused by obstruction of ureter from dislodged kidney stones. The most frequent site of obstruction is the vesico-ureteric junction (VUJ), the narrowest point of the upper urinary tract.
Reflux nephropathy is kidney damage (nephropathy) due to urine flowing backward (reflux) from the bladder toward the kidneys; the latter is called vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Longstanding VUR can result in small and scarred kidneys during the first five years of life in affected children. The end results of reflux nephropathy can include high ...
Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. [ 3] Symptoms most often include fever and flank tenderness. [ 2] Other symptoms may include nausea, burning with urination, and frequent urination. [ 2] Complications may include pus around the kidney, sepsis, or kidney failure.
Cystitis cystica is an uncommon chronic reactive inflammatory disease that is believed to be brought on by a tumor, calculi, infection, or obstruction of the urothelium. [1] Cystitis glandularis is a proliferative progression of cystitis cystica that is distinguished by urothelial glandular metaplasia. [2]
Bladder outlet obstruction. Bladder outlet obstruction (or obstructive uropathy) occurs when urine is unable to flow from the kidneys through the ureters and out of the bladder through the urethra. Decreased flow of urine leads to swelling of the urinary tract, called hydronephrosis. This process of decreased flow of urine through the urinary ...
Obstructive uropathy. Obstructive uropathy is a structural or functional hindrance of normal urine flow, [ 1] sometimes leading to renal dysfunction (obstructive nephropathy ). It is a very broad term, and does not imply a location or cause.
Urinary bladder disease includes urinary bladder inflammation such as cystitis, bladder rupture and bladder obstruction (tamponade).Cystitis is common, sometimes referred to as urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by bacteria, bladder rupture occurs when the bladder is overfilled and not emptied while bladder tamponade is a result of blood clot formation near the bladder outlet.