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Fish gills are organs that allow fish to breathe underwater by exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide with water. Learn about the evolution, anatomy, and physiology of fish gills, and how they differ among different fish groups.
A gill is a structure that allows aquatic organisms to extract oxygen from water and excrete carbon dioxide. Learn about the types, functions, and evolution of gills in different groups of animals, such as fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and amphibians.
Learn how fish circulate blood and exchange gases using gills, lungs, or swim bladders. Compare different types of fish breathing mechanisms and adaptations to various environments.
Learn about the external and internal anatomy of fish, the different skeletal types, the fins, the gills, the heart, the eyes, and the lateral line system. Compare the anatomy of cartilaginous and bony fish, and how it adapts to the aquatic environment.
Fish exchange gases using gills on either side of the pharynx, forming the splanchnocranium. The gills are tissues with threadlike filaments that have many functions and are involved in ion and water transfer as well as oxygen, carbon dioxide, acid and ammonia exchange.
Branchial arches are bony loops that support the gills in fish and other vertebrates. The pharyngobranchial is the most dorsal element of the gill system, and can have teeth or be toothless depending on the fish group.
The preoperculum is a crescent-shaped bone in the opercular series of bony fish and chimaeras that supports the gills and helps with respiration and feeding. Learn about its anatomy, development, evolution and role in different fish groups.
Teleosts are the largest and most diverse group of bony fishes, with over 26,000 species and various shapes, sizes and adaptations. They have a distinctive jaw anatomy, a symmetrical tail fin and a range of reproductive strategies.