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  2. Byzantine flags and insignia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_flags_and_insignia

    Byzantine flags and insignia. For most of its history, the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire did not use heraldry in the Western European sense of permanent motifs transmitted through hereditary right. [1] Various large aristocratic families employed certain symbols to identify themselves; [1] the use of the cross, and of icons of Christ, the ...

  3. Double-headed eagle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-headed_eagle

    The double-headed eagle is an iconographic symbol originating in the Bronze Age. A heraldic charge, it is used with the concept of an empire. Most modern uses of the emblem are directly or indirectly associated with its use by the late Byzantine Empire, originally a dynastic emblem of the Palaiologoi.

  4. Flag of the Greek Orthodox Church - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Greek_Orthodox...

    The Ecumenical Patriarchate and Mount Athos, and also the Greek Orthodox Churches in the diaspora under the Patriarchate use a black double-headed eagle in a yellow field as their flag or emblem. The eagle is depicted as clutching a sword and an orb with a crown above and between its two heads. [1] An earlier variant of the flag, used in the ...

  5. Ecclesiastical heraldry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesiastical_heraldry

    Ecclesiastical heraldry differs notably from other heraldry in the use of special insignia around the shield to indicate rank in a church or denomination. The most prominent of these insignia is the low crowned, wide brimmed ecclesiastical hat, commonly the Roman galero. The color and ornamentation of this hat indicate rank.

  6. Byzantine flag - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Byzantine_flag&redirect=no

    This page was last edited on 14 June 2012, at 10:36 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may ...

  7. Eagle (heraldry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle_(heraldry)

    Eagle abaissé. The depiction of the heraldic eagle is subject to a great range of variation in style. The eagle was far more common in continental European —particularly German —than English heraldry, and it most frequently appears Sable (colored black) with its beak and claws Or (colored gold or yellow).

  8. History of Christian flags - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Christian_flags

    The medieval Christian flags with different kinds of crosses (Latin, Templars, St. John's or arrow-head cross', St. Andrew's or saltire, 'nailed", etc.) linked the knights with the church. It was a religious symbol of Christian 'holy wars' or crusades which invigorated and united the enemies of Islam.

  9. Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_bureaucracy_and...

    Hoplitarchēs or archēgētēs – Commander of all infantry in a large army. The title first appeared in the mid-10th century, when the infantry was reorganized and gained in importance. Prōtokentarchos and kentarchos – Commanders of a smaller division of the army in the field. The name was derived from the Latin centurion.