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It is known that ζ(3) is irrational (Apéry's theorem) and that infinitely many of the numbers ζ(2n + 1) : n ∈ , are irrational. [1] There are also results on the irrationality of values of the Riemann zeta function at the elements of certain subsets of the positive odd integers; for example, at least one of ζ (5), ζ (7), ζ (9), or ζ ...
For any integer n, n ≡ 1 (mod 2) if and only if 3n + 1 ≡ 4 (mod 6). Equivalently, n − 1 / 3 ≡ 1 (mod 2) if and only if n ≡ 4 (mod 6). Conjecturally, this inverse relation forms a tree except for the 1–2–4 loop (the inverse of the 4–2–1 loop of the unaltered function f defined in the Statement of the problem section of ...
The gamma function is an important special function in mathematics. Its particular values can be expressed in closed form for integer and half-integer arguments, but no simple expressions are known for the values at rational points in general. Other fractional arguments can be approximated through efficient infinite products, infinite series ...
In particular, it is not known whether either of 4 π or 5 e is an integer. [22] [additional citation(s) needed] It is not known whether n q is rational for any positive integer n and positive non-integer rational q. [21] For example, it is not known whether the positive root of the equation 4 x = 2 is a rational number. [citation needed]
mathematical constant π. 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433... The following is a list of significant formulae involving the mathematical constant π. Many of these formulae can be found in the article Pi, or the article Approximations of π .
Water pouring puzzle. Starting state of the standard puzzle; a jug filled with 8 units of water, and two empty jugs of sizes 5 and 3. The solver must pour the water so that the first and second jugs both contain 4 units, and the third is empty. Water pouring puzzles (also called water jug problems, decanting problems, [ 1][ 2] measuring puzzles ...
Genre. Mathematics, problem solving. Publication date. 1945. ISBN. 9780691164076. How to Solve It (1945) is a small volume by mathematician George Pólya, describing methods of problem solving. [1] This book has remained in print continually since 1945.
Airy function. In the physical sciences, the Airy function (or Airy function of the first kind) Ai (x) is a special function named after the British astronomer George Biddell Airy (1801–1892). The function Ai (x) and the related function Bi (x), are linearly independent solutions to the differential equation known as the Airy equation or the ...