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Martensite in AISI 4140 steel. 0.35% carbon steel, water-quenched from 870 °C. Martensite is a very hard form of steel crystalline structure. It is named after German metallurgist Adolf Martens. By analogy the term can also refer to any crystal structure that is formed by diffusionless transformation. [1]
Tempering (metallurgy) Differentially tempered steel. The various colors produced indicate the temperature the steel was heated to. Light straw indicates 204 °C (399 °F) and light blue indicates 337 °C (639 °F). [1][2] Tempering is a process of heat treating, which is used to increase the toughness of iron -based alloys.
Tweezers made of 410 martensitic stainless steel. Martensitic stainless steel is a type of stainless steel alloy that has a martensite crystal structure. It can be hardened and tempered through aging and heat treatment. [1][2][3][4] The other main types of stainless steel are austenitic, ferritic, duplex, and precipitation hardened. [5]
Aermet. AerMet alloy is an ultra-high strength type of martensitic [1] alloy steel. The main alloying elements are cobalt and nickel, but chromium, molybdenum and carbon are also added. Its exceptional properties are hardness, tensile strength, fracture toughness and ductility. [2] Aermet is weldable with no preheating needed. [3]
Maraging blades are superior for foil and épée because crack propagation in maraging steel is 10 times slower than in carbon steel, resulting in less frequent breaking of the blade and fewer injuries. [i] [18] Stainless maraging steel is used in bicycle frames (e.g. Reynolds 953 introduced in 2013) [19] and golf club heads. [20]
An example of such a phenomenon is the martensitic transformation, a notable occurrence observed in the context of steel materials. The term "martensite" was originally coined to describe the rigid and finely dispersed constituent that emerges in steels subjected to rapid cooling. Subsequent investigations revealed that materials beyond ferrous ...
Martempering is also known as stepped quenching or interrupted quenching. In this process, steel is heated above the upper critical point (above the transformation range) and then quenched in a hot- oil, molten-salt, or molten- lead bath kept at a temperature of 150-300 °C. The workpiece is held at this temperature above martensite start (Ms ...
In carbon steel, for example, Widmanstätten structures form during tempering if the steel is held within a range around 500 °F (260 °C) for long periods of time. These structures form as a needle or plate-like growths of cementite within the crystal boundaries of the martensite. This increases the brittleness of the steel in a way that can ...