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History of purgatory. The idea of purgatory has roots that date back into antiquity. A sort of proto-purgatory called the "celestial Hades " appears in the writings of Plato and Heraclides Ponticus, among many other Classical writers. This concept is distinguished from the Hades of the underworld described in the works of Homer and Hesiod.
At the Second Council of Lyon in 1274, when the Catholic Church defined, for the first time, its teaching on purgatory, the Eastern Orthodox Church did not adopt the doctrine. The council made no mention of purgatory as a third place or as containing fire, [ 15 ] which are absent also in the declarations by the Councils of Florence (1431–1449 ...
The pope can only announce God's forgiveness of the guilt of sin in his name. [23] In theses 14–29, Luther challenged common beliefs about purgatory. Theses 14–16 discuss the idea that the punishment of purgatory can be likened to the fear and despair felt by dying people. [24]
Mariology. The sinlessness of Mary refers to the doctrine in which Mary, mother of Jesus chose not to sin. [1][2] It is upheld by the Catholic Church, Oriental Orthodox Churches, Eastern Orthodox Churches, as well as by high church Lutherans. [3][2]
John Wycliffe (/ ˈwɪklɪf /; also spelled Wyclif, Wickliffe, and other variants; [a] c. 1328 – 31 December 1384) [2] was an English scholastic philosopher, Christian reformer, Catholic priest, and a theology professor at the University of Oxford.
The Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus was introduced in 1530. The veneration of Nomina sacra in the form of variants of the Christogram has a tradition going back to early Christianity. [2][3][4] Related practices of devotion exist in Eastern Christianity (cf. Jesus Prayer). [5] The feast day is celebrated either as the Feast of the Holy Name of ...
The poem was written in the early 14th century. It is an allegory telling of the climb of Dante up the Mount of Purgatory, guided by the Roman poet Virgil —except for the last four cantos, at which point Beatrice takes over as Dante's guide. Allegorically, Purgatorio represents the penitent Christian life. [1]
e. Christian mortalism is the Christian belief that the human soul is not naturally immortal [1][2][3][4][5] and may include the belief that the soul is "sleeping" after death until the Resurrection of the Dead and the Last Judgment, [6][7][8][9][10] a time known as the intermediate state.