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  2. Norm of reciprocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm_of_reciprocity

    The positive reciprocity norm is a common social expectation in which a person who helps another person can expect positive feedback whether in the form of a gift, a compliment, a loan, a job reference, etc. In social psychology, positive reciprocity refers to responding to a positive action with another positive action (rewarding kind actions).

  3. Reciprocity (social and political philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocity_(social_and...

    The social norm of reciprocity is the expectation that people will respond to each other in similar ways—responding to gifts and kindnesses from others with similar benevolence of their own, and responding to harmful, hurtful acts from others with either indifference or some form of retaliation.

  4. Reciprocity (social psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Reciprocity_(social_psychology)

    The book Influence: Science and Practice by Robert Cialdini is a prominent work in the field of reciprocity and social psychology. First published in 1984, the work outlines the main principles of influence, and how they can be applied in one's life to succeed, especially in business endeavors. [38]

  5. Punishment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment

    In psychology, punishment is the reduction of a behavior via application of an unpleasant stimulus ("positive punishment") or removal of a pleasant stimulus ("negative punishment"). Extra chores or spanking are examples of positive punishment, while removing an offending student's recess or play privileges are examples of negative punishment.

  6. Sociology of punishment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_punishment

    Intrinsic Retribution: Offender deserves punishment because there is intrinsic good in the guilty suffering. Lex Talionis: To restore the balance between offender and victim. Unfair Advantage Principle: To restore the balance by the imposition of extra burdens on those who have usurped more than their fair share of benefits. (Note the focus of ...

  7. Deterrence (penology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterrence_(penology)

    An underlying principle of deterrence is that it is utilitarian or forward-looking. As with rehabilitation, it is designed to change behaviour in the future rather than simply provide retribution or punishment for current or past behaviour.

  8. Conflict resolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_resolution

    Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution.Committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts by actively communicating information about their conflicting motives or ideologies to the rest of group (e.g., intentions; reasons for holding certain beliefs) and by engaging in collective ...

  9. Reciprocal determinism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reciprocal_determinism

    Reciprocal determinism is the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura which states that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment.