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Such a function is a first-class object, meaning that it can be stored in a variable, passed as a parameter to other functions, etc. [229] Unusually for a dynamically typed language, PHP supports type declarations on function parameters, which are enforced at runtime.
CLASS-ID. name« INHERITS« FROM» parentclasses». FACTORY« IMPLEMENTS interfaces». class-members. END FACTORY. OBJECT« IMPLEMENTS interfaces». instance-members. END OBJECT. END CLASS name. INTERFACE-ID. name« INHERITS« FROM» interfaces». members. END INTERFACE name. — Cobra class name «inherits parentclass» «implements interfaces ...
In computing, a namespace is a set of signs (names) that are used to identify and refer to objects of various kinds. A namespace ensures that all of a given set of objects have unique names so that they can be easily identified. Namespaces are commonly structured as hierarchies to allow reuse of names in different contexts.
The identifier list is bound to a variable in the first line; in the second, an object (a linked list of strings) is assigned to the variable. The linked list referenced by the variable is then mutated, adding a string to the list. Next, the variable is assigned the constant null. In the last line, the identifier is rebound for the scope of the ...
Unlike function and class names, variable names are case-sensitive. Both double-quoted ("") and heredoc strings allow the ability to embed a variable's value into the string. [13] As in C, variables may be cast to a specific type by prefixing the type in parentheses. PHP treats newlines as whitespace, in the manner of a free-form language.
Python allows the creation of class methods and static methods via the use of the @classmethod and @staticmethod decorators. The first argument to a class method is the class object instead of the self-reference to the instance. A static method has no special first argument. Neither the instance, nor the class object is passed to a static method.
In object-oriented programming, a class defines the shared aspects of objects created from the class. The capabilities of a class differ between programming languages , but generally the shared aspects consist of state ( variables ) and behavior ( methods ) that are each either associated with a particular object or with all objects of that class.
When a function is attached as a property of an object and called as a method of that object (e.g. obj.f(x)), this will refer to the object that the function is contained within. [14] [15] It is even possible to manually specify this when calling a function, by using the .call() or .apply() methods of the function object. [16]