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In pharmacokinetics, the rate of infusion (or dosing rate) refers not just to the rate at which a drug is administered, but the desired rate at which a drug should be administered to achieve a steady state of a fixed dose which has been demonstrated to be therapeutically effective. Abbreviations include K in, [1] K 0, [2] or R 0.
The hyperglycemic clamps are often used to assess insulin secretion capacity. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique: The plasma insulin concentration is acutely raised and maintained at 100 μU/ml by a continuous infusion of insulin. Meanwhile, the plasma glucose concentration is held constant at basal levels by a variable glucose infusion.
The infusion tubing and cannula must be removed and replaced every few days. An insulin pump can be programmed to infuse a steady amount of rapid-acting insulin under the skin. This steady infusion is termed the basal rate and is designed to supply the background insulin needs.
Water loss without electrolyte loss may occur in fever, hyperthyroidism, high blood calcium, or diabetes insipidus. [2] It is also used in the treatment of high blood potassium, diabetic ketoacidosis, and as part of parenteral nutrition. [2] It is given by injection into a vein. [2]
This basal rate of insulin action is generally achieved via the use of an intermediate-acting insulin (such as NPH) or a long-acting insulin analog. In type 1 diabetics, it may also be achieved via continuous infusion of rapid-acting insulin using an insulin pump. Approximately half of a person's daily insulin requirement is administered as a ...
The rate of glucose infusion commonly is referred to in diabetes literature as the GINF value. [54] The procedure takes about two hours. Through a peripheral vein, insulin is infused at 10–120 mU per m 2 per minute. In order to compensate for the insulin infusion, glucose 20% is
k s is the rate of synthesis or infusion Although these equations were derived to assist with predicting the time course of drug action, [ 1 ] the same equation can be used for any substance or quantity that is being produced at a measurable rate and degraded with first-order kinetics.
Notwithstanding the above knowledge, a 1994 Diabetes Care article by Mary M. Tai purports to have independently discovered the trapezoidal rule. [9] In Tai's response to the later letters to the editors, she explained that the rule was new to her colleagues, who relied on grid-counting. [10]
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