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Windows 2000 is the first Windows to support hibernation at the operating system level (OS-controlled ACPI S4 sleep state) without special drivers from the hardware manufacturer. A hidden system file named " hiberfil.sys " in the root of the boot partition is used to store the contents of RAM when the computer hibernates.
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) is an open standard that operating systems can use to discover and configure computer hardware components, to perform power management (e.g. putting unused hardware components to sleep), auto configuration (e.g. Plug and Play and hot swapping), and status monitoring.
Sleep on macOS consists of the traditional sleep, Safe Sleep, and Power Nap. In System Preferences , Safe Sleep [ 8 ] is referred to as sleep. Since Safe Sleep also allowed state to be restored in an event of a power outage , unlike other operating systems, hibernate was never offered as an option.
When a user is logging on to Windows, the startup sound is played, the shell (usually EXPLORER.EXE) is loaded from the [boot] section of the SYSTEM.INI file, and startup items are loaded. In all versions of Windows 9x except ME, it is also possible to load Windows by booting to a DOS prompt and typing "win".
GNU GRUB, a popular open source bootloader Windows Boot Manager. A bootloader, also spelled as boot loader [1] [2] or called bootstrap loader, is a computer program that is responsible for booting a computer. It also provides an interactive menu with multiple boot choices then it's often called a boot manager. [2]
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Boot loaders may face peculiar constraints, especially in size; for instance, on the IBM PC and compatibles, the boot code must fit in the Master Boot Record (MBR) and the Partition Boot Record (PBR), which in turn are limited to a single sector; on the IBM System/360, the size is limited by the IPL medium, e.g., card size, track size.
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