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  2. Effect of taxes and subsidies on price - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effect_of_taxes_and...

    In the pre-tax equilibrium the distance equals $5.00 x 0.20 = $1.00. This burden of the tax is again shared by the buyer and seller. If the new equilibrium quantity decreases to 85 and the buyer bears a higher proportion of the tax burden (e.g. $0.75), the total amount of tax collected equals $1.00 x 85 = $85.00.

  3. Environmental tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_Tax

    Apart from the most common energy tax, carbon tax, another popular energy tax is the “coal excise tax” in the United States. The tax is levied on the producers, at the coal’s initial sale. Currently, the tax rate, after being increased by over 50% in 2020, is $1.10 per ton for coal from subsurface mines and $0.55 per ton for coal from ...

  4. Customs duties in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customs_duties_in_the...

    Rates of tax on transaction values vary by country of origin. Goods must be individually labeled to indicate country of origin, with exceptions for specific types of goods. Rules of origin are used to determine the country of origin. Goods are considered to originate in the country with the highest rate of duties for the particular goods unless ...

  5. Excise tax in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excise_tax_in_the_United...

    Excise taxes on tobacco raised $12.4 billion in fiscal year 2020. [2] The tax equals $1.01 per pack of 20 of cigarettes. Federal excise tax revenue from tobacco products peaked in fiscal year 2010 at $17.2 billion after the increase in tobacco product tax rates in the Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009. This tax ...

  6. Biological patent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_patent

    The scope and reach of biological patents vary among jurisdictions, [1] and may include biological technology and products, genetically modified organisms and genetic material. The applicability of patents to substances and processes wholly or partially natural in origin is a subject of debate.

  7. Optimal tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_tax

    For example, the US tax code (26 U.S.C. Section 1(a)-(d)) imposes less tax on couples filing joint returns and on heads of households than it does on taxpayers that are single, and provides a credit reducing the tax bills of those supporting children (26 U.S.C. Section 24).

  8. Excise - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excise

    For example, the city of Anchorage, Alaska charges a cigarette tax of $1.30 per pack, which is on top of the federal excise tax and the state excise tax. In 2011, the United States federal excise tax on gasoline was 18.4 cents per gallon (4.86 ¢/L) and 24.4 cents per gallon (6.45 ¢/L) for diesel fuel .

  9. Pigouvian tax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigouvian_tax

    A Pigouvian tax is a method that tries to internalize negative externalities to achieve the Nash equilibrium and optimal Pareto efficiency. [1] The tax is normally set by the government to correct an undesirable or inefficient market outcome (a market failure) and does so by being set equal to the external marginal cost of the negative ...