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The first confirmed human case in the United States was on 19 January 2020. The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020, and first referred to it as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. [3] [4] The WHO ended the PHEIC on 5 May 2023. [5]
This article documents the chronology and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The first human cases of COVID-19 known to have been identified were in Wuhan , Hubei , China , in December 2019.
Following warnings and increased preparedness in the 2000s, the 2009 swine flu pandemic led to rapid anti-pandemic reactions amongst the Western countries. The H1N1/09 virus strain with mild symptoms and low lethality eventually led to a backlash over public sector over-reactiveness, spending, and the high cost of the 2009 flu vaccine.
Trump's successor Joe Biden reversed the decision in January 2021, saying that the WHO "plays a crucial role" in fighting COVID-19 and other public health threats. [221] [222] The WHO has been criticized for not stating that the COVID-19 outbreak was a pandemic until significantly after it had already clearly become one. [223]
The species was merged with Rat coronavirus (discovered in 1970 [23]) and Puffinosis coronavirus (discovered in 1982 [59]) as Murine coronavirus in 2009. [60] 229E and OC43 were collectively named Human respiratory virus but merged as Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) in 2009. [61]
The COVID-19 vaccines are widely credited for their role in reducing the severity and death caused by COVID-19. [ 128 ] [ 129 ] As of March 2023, more than 5.5 billion people had received one or more doses [ 130 ] (11.8 billion in total) in over 197 countries.
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[235] [236] [237] Health officials have confirmed the fifth case of COVID-19 in Australia, and have suspected an additional five. [238] [239] The Sri Lankan Health Ministry confirms its first case of COVID-19, a 43-year-old Chinese woman. [240] Cambodia confirms its first case of the virus, a Chinese man who came with his family to ...