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In biology and medicine, gravidity and parity are the number of times a female has been pregnant (gravidity) and carried the pregnancies to a viable gestational age (parity). [1] These two terms are usually coupled, sometimes with additional terms, to indicate more details of the female's obstetric history. [ 2 ]
Pregnancy symptoms may be categorized based on trimester as well as region of the body affected. Each pregnancy can be quite different and many people do not experience the same or all of the symptoms. If a person is concerned about their symptoms they should be encouraged to speak with an appropriate healthcare professional. [2]
Gravidus and gravid come from the Latin word meaning "heavy" and a pregnant female is sometimes referred to as a gravida. [19] Gravidity refers to the number of times that a female has been pregnant. Similarly, the term parity is used for the number of times that a female carries a pregnancy to a viable stage. [20]
It begins between the 4 and 8 weeks of pregnancy and usually subsides by 14 to 16 weeks. The exact cause of nausea is not fully understood but it correlates with the rise in the levels of human chorionic gonadotropin , progesterone , and the resulting relaxation of smooth muscle of the stomach.
Pre-eclampsia is a disease defined by a combination of signs and symptoms that are related to maternal hypertension. [59] The cause is unknown, and markers are being sought to predict its development from the earliest stages of pregnancy. [60] Some unknown factors cause vascular damage in the endothelium, causing hypertension. [61]
For example, if there is a gestational age based on the beginning of the last menstrual period of 9.0 weeks, and a first-trimester obstetric ultrasonography gives an estimated gestational age of 10.0 weeks (with a 2 SD variability of ±8% of the estimate, thereby giving a variability of ±0.8 weeks), the difference of 1.0 weeks between the ...
Heterotopic pregnancies present with unspecific clinical symptoms. This means the symptoms of a heterotopic pregnancy can be the same symptoms found in several other medical conditions. The most common clinical symptoms are abdominal pain , vaginal bleeding , enlarged uterus , and/or an adnexal mass . [ 4 ]
An increase in lochia between 7–14 days postpartum may indicate delayed postpartum hemorrhage. [23] Hemorrhoids and constipation in this period are common, and stool softeners are routinely given. [24] If an episiotomy or perineal tear had to be sutured, the use of a donut pillow allows the woman to sit pain-free or at least with reduced pain.