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Current use is based on military standard MIL-DTL-12560 [1] by several manufacturers. The typical Brinell Hardness range of MIL-A 12560 is 302-400 [2] The MIL-12560K standard actually specifies four classes of hardnesses. The softest class I rates as 260-310. The toughest Class 4 rates as 420-470. [3] (K is the revision number of the standard.)
The tekkō (鉄甲, lit. "iron", "armor"), are weaponized stirrups and horseshoes which originated in Okinawa, Japan, and they fall into the category of "fist-load weapons". By definition, a fist-load weapon increases the mass of the hand so that, given the physical proportionality between the fist's momentum and its mass, it increases the ...
Fragments of segmented iron armor have been found at Pergamon and dated to the early 1st century BCE, albeit it is uncertain if they formed part of a limb armor or a cuirass. [7] [8] Fragments of the upper cuisse (thigh-guard) of an iron manica for the leg have been found in the excavations at Gamla, dated to the second half of the 1st century BCE.
In the first, hammering, large lumps of iron of scrap or puddled iron were heated to welding temperature and placed under heavy steel hammers. Repeated blows welded these lumps into one solid plate and shaped it to the required form and dimensions. Hammered iron plate was the armor used in the earliest ironclad vessels, including HMS Warrior ...
Mail's resistance to weapons is determined by four factors: linkage type (riveted, butted, or welded), material used (iron versus bronze or steel), weave density (a tighter weave needs a thinner weapon to surpass), and ring thickness (generally ranging from 1.0 to 1.6 mm diameter (18 to 14 gauge) wire in most examples). Mail, if a warrior could ...
Coat covered with gold-decorated scales of the pangolin. India, Rajasthan, early 19th century Dacian scale armour on Trajan's column. Scale armour is an early form of armour consisting of many individual small armour scales (plates) of various shapes attached to each other and to a backing of cloth or leather in overlapping rows. [1]
In the Kofun period (250–538), [4] iron plate cuirasses and helmets were being made. [5] Plate armour was used in Japan during the Nara period (646–793); both plate and lamellar armours have been found in burial mounds, and haniwa (ancient clay figures) have been found depicting warriors wearing full armour.
The type was also used in Japan as armor for mounted forces as the use of cavalry in warfare increased in importance. [1] The difference between the tankō and keikō lies in the upper chest area of the armor, which in the keikō variant included a protective sheath of iron bands. The lower portion of both types consisted of overlapping iron ...