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Fore or forward: at or toward the front of a ship or further ahead of a location (opposite of "aft") [1] Preposition form is "before", e.g. "the mainmast is before the mizzenmast". Inboard: attached inside the ship. [14] Keel: the bottom structure of a ship's hull. [15] Leeward: side or direction away from the wind (opposite of "windward"). [16]
Fore-and-aft rigs include: Rigs with one mast: the proa, the catboat, the sloop, the cutter; Rigs with two masts: the ketch, the yawl; Rigs with two or more masts: the schooner; Barques and barquentines are partially square rigged and partially fore-and-aft rigged. A rig which combines both on a foremast is known as a hermaphroditic rig.
Fore-and-aft rigs comprise the vast majority of sailing vessels in use today, including effectively all dinghies and yachts. The sheet on a fore-and-aft sail controls the angle of the sail to the wind, and should be adjusted to keep the sail just filled. Most smaller boats use the Bermuda rig, which has two or three sets of sheets:
11 – sheet 12 – boom 13 - mast 14 – spinnaker pole 15 – backstay 16 – forestay 17 – boom vang Stays are ropes, wires, or rods on sailing vessels that run fore-and-aft along the centerline from the masts to the hull, deck, bowsprit, or to other masts which serve to stabilize the masts. [1]
A fore and aft-rigged vessel with two or more masts of which the foremast is shorter than the main Settee Single-decked, single or double-masted Mediterranean cargo vessel carrying a settee sail Shallop A large, heavily built, sixteenth-century boat which is fore-and-aft rigged; more recently a poetically frail open boat Ship or full-rigged ship
However, under sail on a given tack, the corner to which the spinnaker sheet is attached is called the clew, and the corner attached to the spinnaker pole is referred to as the tack. [20] Tack – The tack is the corner on a fore-and-aft sail where the luff and foot connect [8] and, on a mainsail, is located where the boom and mast connect.
A square-rigged sailing vessel carries both fore-and-aft sails, the jibs, staysails and mizzen sail, and square sails. Their naming conventions are: [ 7 ] For jibs, attached to a bow sprit , (from forward, aftwards): flying, outer, and inner jibs, and the fore-topmast staysail, forestaysail, and foresail.
A sudden shift in the wind can also cause a square-rigged vessel to be unintentionally "caught aback" with all sails aback. This is a dangerous situation that risks serious damage. In a fore-and-aft-rigged vessel, a headsail is backed either by hauling it across with the weather sheet or by tacking without releasing the sheet. It is used to ...