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The environment there, just south of the polar ice cap, is a driller's nightmare and presents serious dangers. The ocean can freeze from the surface to a depth of five or more inches during a single night. In the 60-below degree Fahrenheit temperatures, ice can build to a thickness of seven feet. Winds drive surface ice into jams more than 10 ...
2.3 Polar cap. Polar cap patches are islands of high-density ionospheric plasma in the F-region ionosphere surrounded by plasma that is half or less than half as dense as the patch (Weber et al., 1986; Crowley, 1996 ). Chapter 3 describes plasma density aspects of patches.
The polar caps of Mars have long been acknowledged to be composed of unknown proportions of water ice, solid CO2 (dry ice), and dust (Wieczorek, 2008). The presence of liquid water at the base of the Martian polar caps was first hypothesized by Clifford (1987). According to Clifford (1987), “If ice is present throughout the cryosphere ...
The atmospheric influence caused by the Martian permanent south CO 2 ice cap is examined to improve the Global Mars Multiscale Model (GM3) to see if it can significantly improve the representation of south polar meteorology. However, the seasonal carbon dioxide ice in the polar regions is presented in the surface ice simulation by the Global ...
The Martian north polar ice cap has long been understood as the most important exposed source and sink of water on modern day Mars (Farmer et al., 1976). In contrast, the south seasonal cap was thought to be essentially composed of CO 2 ice following surface temperature measurements using the Viking Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM) (Kieffer, 1979).
Water ice has been noted along the margins of the bright residual ice cap, most prominently in a large, lower elevation outlier occurring from 82° to 84°S and 315°E to 5°E (Titus et al., 2003, Bibring et al., 2004, Douté et al., 2007, Piqueux et al., 2008; Fig. 1). In MARCI imagery, this area is associated with the persistence of seasonal ...
Calvin and Titus (2008) called out several regions of the residual ice cap that undergo varying albedo changes with time. In general, the residual ice cap undergoes a period of decreasing albedo and sublimation of fine-grained water frosts up to Ls ∼ 95–100, followed by apparent migration of high albedo areas. That work identified several ...
The flow of the north polar cap of Mars, which is assumed to consist mainly of H 2 O ice, is investigated with the three-dimensional ice-sheet model SICOPOLIS. We consider a simplified topography and a climatic forcing varying between the present state and warmer, more humid conditions in the past with an obliquity cycle of 1.3 million earth ...
The Residual South Polar Cap (RSPC) of Mars is a thin (average depth < 5 m) covering of tabular CO 2 ice overlying thicker deposits of water ice and dust (Polar Layered Deposits, PLD), which include significant segregated deposits of CO 2 ice (Phillips et al., 2011; Bierson et al., 2016; Putzig et al., 2018). The first well-resolved images of ...
On the north polar layered deposits (NPLD) the northern residual ice cap (NRC) is composed of H 2 O ice (Kieffer et al., 1976). The visible albedo of this ice is lower than what may be expected from examples of terrestrial ice, indicating that it may either be contaminated with dust or be composed of large-grains (Kieffer, 1990).