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Umar ibn al-Khattab [a] (Arabic: عُمَر بْن ٱلْخَطَّاب, romanized: ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb; c. 582/583 – 644), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634, when he succeeded Abu Bakr (r.
During the 16th-century conversion of Iran to Shia Islam under Safavid rule, a festival began being held in honor of Abu Lu'lu'a and his assassination of Umar. [37] Named Omar-koshan (lit. ' the killing of Umar '), it was originally held around Abu Lu'lu'a's sanctuary in Kashan, on the anniversary of Umar's assassination (26 Dhu al-Hijja). [38]
After returning to Medina from the Campaign of Wadi al-Qura, Muhammad sent Umar ibn al-Khattab with 30 men, against a branch of the tribes of Hawazin at Turbah, a distance of 4 nights march from Medina. Turbah was on the way to Sana and Najjran. [7] Umar's troop travelled by night and hid by day.
Khattab ibn Nufayl, Umar's father; Khantamah, Umar's mother; Hisham ibn al-Mughirah, maternal grandfather of Umar and brother of Walid ibn al-Mughira, who was the father of General Khalid ibn al-Walid. Khalid was thus a cousin of Umar's mother. Abu Jahl whose personal name was Amr bin Hisham was a brother of Umar's mother, and his maternal uncle.
Umar ibn al-Khattab was one of the earliest figures in the history of Islam. While Sunnis regard Umar ibn al-Khattab in high esteem and respect his place as one of the "Four Righteously Guided Caliphs", the Shia do not view him as a legitimate leader of the Ummah and believe that Umar and Abu Bakr conspired to usurp power from Ali.
There are reports that the second Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab ordered Christians of Najran to vacate the city and emigrate out of the Arabian peninsula, based on Muhammad's orders. [20] However, the historicity of this is disputed, and there is historical evidence that Christians continued to live in the area for at least 200 more years. [20]
The Pact of Umar (also known as the Covenant of Umar, Treaty of Umar or Laws of Umar; Arabic: شروط عمر or عهد عمر or عقد عمر) is a treaty between the Muslims and non-Muslims who were conquered by Umar during his conquest of the Levant (Syria and Lebanon) in the year 637 CE that later gained a canonical status in Islamic jurisprudence. [1]
The mosque is named after Omar (Umar) ibn al-Khattab (c. 581–644), the second Rashidun Caliph. Having conquered Jerusalem, Omar had travelled to Bethlehem in 637 CE to issue a law that would guarantee respect for the shrine and safety of Christians and clergy.