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The material derivative is defined for any tensor field y that is macroscopic, with the sense that it depends only on position and time coordinates, y = y(x, t): +, where ∇y is the covariant derivative of the tensor, and u(x, t) is the flow velocity.
The derivative of a field with respect to a fixed position in space is called the Eulerian derivative, while the derivative following a moving parcel is called the advective or material (or Lagrangian [2]) derivative. The material derivative is defined as the linear operator:
The Lagrangian and Eulerian specifications of the kinematics and dynamics of the flow field are related by the material derivative (also called the Lagrangian derivative, convective derivative, substantial derivative, or particle derivative). [1] Suppose we have a flow field u, and we are also given a generic field with Eulerian specification F ...
On the other hand, the two second-order partial derivatives of the specific internal energy in the momentum equation require the specification of the fundamental equation of state of the material considered, i.e. of the specific internal energy as function of the two variables specific volume and specific entropy: = (,).
where D / Dt is the material derivative operator, u is the flow velocity, ρ is the local fluid density, p is the local pressure, τ is the viscous stress tensor and B represents the sum of the external body forces. The first source term on the right hand side represents vortex stretching.
From January 2008 to December 2012, if you bought shares in companies when Dennis H. Reilley joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a -17.6 percent return on your investment, compared to a -2.8 percent return from the S&P 500.
Reynolds transport theorem can be expressed as follows: [1] [2] [3] = + () in which n(x,t) is the outward-pointing unit normal vector, x is a point in the region and is the variable of integration, dV and dA are volume and surface elements at x, and v b (x,t) is the velocity of the area element (not the flow velocity).
Hints and the solution for today's Wordle on Tuesday, January 14.